Variable patterns of cutaneous innervation on the dorsum of foot in fetuses

Background:Cutaneous nerves on the dorsum of foot are at risk for iatrogenic damage while performing arthroscopy, local anaesthetic block, surgical approach to the fibula, open reduction and internal fixation of lateral malleolar fractures, application of external fixators, elevation of a fasciocutaneous or fibular flaps for grafting, surgical decompression of neurovascular structures, or miscellaneous surgery on leg, foot and ankle. Hence the present study was undertaken to classify the different patterns of cutaneous innervation on the dorsum of foot of foetuses which will help in minimizing iatrogenic damage to the nerves.Materials and Methods:A total of 40 lower limbs from 20 foetuses were dissected and the branching patterns of nerves were noted and specimens were photographed.Results:Four distinct patterns of innervation with additional subtypes were identified and designated as Type 1 a-g; 2 a-d; 3; 4 a-c.Conclusion:Detailed knowledge about the pattern of cutaneous innervation of dorsum of foot may decrease the damage to these nerves during operative procedures near the foot and ankle.

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“…The nerves over the dorsum of foot also influence surgical incisions and the designing of neurovascular free flaps in this region. [1]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A morphological study to note the variable patterns of cutaneous innervation on the dorsum of foot in south Indian human foetuses and its clinical implications

et al. 2013

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“…Literature analysis shows that previous researchers focused mainly on its anatomical variations [1,5,9,[14][15][16][17][18]. A limited number of studies concentrated on the histological analysis of the sural nerve [3,7,8,13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer-assisted assessment of the histological structure of the human sural nerve

et al. 2014

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Background: The aim of this study was to assess the histological structure (cross--sectional (p = 0.34 and p = 0.47, respectively). Strong negative correlations were noted between the age of the donors and the sural nerve CSA (r = -0.69, p = 0.02), as well as the number of nerve bundles (r = -0.57, p = 0.06). Conclusions: This study shows that there are no statistical differences between the CSA and the number of nerve bundles in the sural nerve when compared by gender and side of the lower limb. This study also allows drawing the conclusion that the sural nerve degenerates with age in terms of both the CSA and the number of nerve bundles. (Folia Morphol 2014; 73, 3: 292-297)

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“…Wahee et al were carried out on 60 lower limbs of 19 male and 11 female fetuses ranging between 24 and 36 weeks of gestation. Their results were divided into six groups, 5% Type1c and 3% Type3b which corresponded to K1 and K3 in Kosinski's classification (20). Based on their work on 30 adult cadavers, Aktan and Ucerler reported that the variation in the distribution of the cutaneous nerve of the dorsum of the foot could be classified into seven types.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations of the superficial peroneal nerve and its terminal branches in the turkish newborn fetuses

Baş¹,

Bilgiç²,

Salbacak³

et al. 2011

Turkish Neurosurgery

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AIm:The topography of the superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) and its terminal branches were studied, with the aim of providing further anatomical details for leg and foot in the Turkish newborn fetuses. mAterIAl and methOds: Limbs from twenty newborn cadavers were dissected. The course of the SPN on the leg and its terminal branches on the foot were investigated. results:The SPN was lateral (75%), anterior (15%), or branched in both areas (10%) of the cases. The SPN in the dorsum of the feet branched further into medial dorsal cutaneous nerve (MDCn) and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve (IDCn). In 82.5% of the cases the MDCn and the IDCn split into three and two branches, respectively. In 10% of the cases, the MDCn gave off three, and the IDCn one terminal branches. In 7.5% of the cases, the MDCn had three while the IDCn had two branches that communicated with the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve. COnClusIOn:The course of SPN on the anterolateral surface of the leg and its terminal branches on the dorsal surface of the foot were quite different. This unusual variant location will enable the surgeon to find and preserve the SPN and its terminal branches.KeywOrds: Common peroneal nerve, Superficial peroneal nerve, Medial dorsal cutaneous nerve, Intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve, Cutaneous innervation ÖZ AmAÇ: Nervus peroneus superficialis (SPN) ve uç dallarının ayak ve bacaktaki topografik anatomisi hakkında daha detaylı bilgi vermek amacıyla Türkiye'deki yenidoğan fetuslar üzerinde bu çalışma gerçekleştirildi. yÖntem ve GereÇ: Yirmi yenidoğan kadavrasında her iki alt ekstremite diseke edildi. SPN'nin bacağın anterolateral yüzündeki seyri ve uç dallarının ise ayağın dorsal yüzündeki seyri araştırıldı.BulGulAr: Nervus peroneus superficialis'in, vakaların %75'inde lateral, %15'inde anterior ve %10'unda ise iki dala ayrılıp her iki kompartmanda seyrettiği gözlendi. SPN ayağın dorsal yüzünde, nervus cutaneus dorsalis medialis (MDCn) ve nervus cutaneus dorsalis intermedialis (IDCn) dallarını veriyordu. Vakaların %82,5'inde MDCn üç, IDCn ise iki uç dala ayrılıyordu. Vakaların %10'unda ise MDCn üç, IDCn ise bir uç dala ayrılıyordu. Diğer %7,5'lik vakada ise MDCn üç, IDCn iki dal veriyor ve IDCN nervus cutaneus dorsalis lateralis ile anastomoz yapıyordu. sOnuÇ: Nervus peroneus superficialis'in bacağın anterolateral yüzünde, uç dallarının ise ayağın dorsal yüzündeki seyri çok farklılık göstermektedir. Bu olağan dışı yerleşimlerin tanımlanması cerrahlara SPN ve uç dallarının korunmasında ve belirlenmesinde yardımcı olacaktır.

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Variable patterns of cutaneous innervation on the dorsum of foot in fetuses

Abstract: A comparison with cutaneous innervation patterns found in other population groups revealed three new variants which have not been reported in the other populations.

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

A morphological study to note the variable patterns of cutaneous innervation on the dorsum of foot in south Indian human foetuses and its clinical implications

A morphological study to note the variable patterns of cutaneous innervation on the dorsum of foot in south Indian human foetuses and its clinical implications

Computer-assisted assessment of the histological structure of the human sural nerve

Variations of the superficial peroneal nerve and its terminal branches in the turkish newborn fetuses

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