Variable focal length microlenses

Commander, L. G.; Day, SE; Selviah, David R.

doi:10.1016/s0030-4018(00)00596-4

Cited by 165 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…small optical path modulation. [7] In the electrowetting tunable liquid lens, the contact angle change becomes saturated at high voltages due to the electrostatic charge accumulated on the surface or the boundary limitation of the electrodes. Thus, the change of focal length is limited to 30 %.…”

Section: Variable Focal Length Of Rigid Lenses Tuned By the Refractivmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in gradient index (GRIN) lenses, the refractive index of a lens can be controlled using an electrostatic potential. [7,8] A microlens made of flexible polymeric materials, which are either filled with liquid [9,10] or placed on a microfluidic chip [11,12], deforms upon mechanical actuation of liquids, thus, tuning the lens focal length. [11] Similar approach has been applied to a microdoublet lens, consisting of a tunable liquid-filled lens and a solid negative lens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Tunable microfluidic optical devices with an integrated microlens array

Hong¹,

Wang²,

Sharonov³

et al. 2006

J. Micromech. Microeng.

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The interest in dynamically tuning light has attracted great attention to the fabrication of tunable microlens arrays. Here we discuss the fabrication and characterization of a simple, robust, yet tunable microfluidic optical device with integrated microlens array. The microfuidic device with desired channel structure was micromachined on a polycarbonate plate with a resolution up to 100 µm, followed by thermal bonding two plates above their glass transition temperature. The microlens arrays were replica molded on a glass slide, which was then attached to the polycarbonate plates. By simply actuating the liquids with variable refractive index into the fluidic channel to immerse the lens arrays without moving or deformation of microlenses, a large change of focal length of more than 10 times (ƒ=0.74 to 8.53) was achieved. When a dye-containing liquid was pumped into the microfluidic channel to cover the lenses, the light transmission through the lenses was reduced from about 95% to 55% when the dye concentration was increased to 10 w/v %. The knowledge we gain from these studies will provide important insights to contruct new, adaptive, micro-scale optical devices with multiple functionalities. 2 AbstractThe interest in dynamically tuning light has attracted great attention to the fabrication of tunable microlens arrays. Here we discuss the fabrication and characterization of a simple, robust, yet tunable microfluidic optical device with integrated microlens array. The microfluidic device with desired channel structure was micromachined on a polycarbonate plate with a resolution up to 100 μm, followed by thermal bonding two plates above their glass transition temperature. The microlens arrays were replica molded on a glass slide, which was then attached to the polycarbonate plates. By simply actuating the liquids with variable refractive index into the fluidic channel to immerse the lens arrays without moving or deformation of microlenses, a large change of focal length of more than 10 times (f = 0.74 to 8.53) was achieved. When a dye-containing liquid was pumped into the microfluidic channel to cover the lenses, the light transmission through the lenses was reduced from about 95% to 55% when the dye concentration was increased to 10 w/v %. The knowledge we gain from these studies will provide important insights to construct new, adaptive, micro-scale optical devices with multiple functionalities.

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Section: Variable Focal Length Of Rigid Lenses Tuned By the Refractivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable microfluidic optical devices with an integrated microlens array

Hong¹,

Wang²,

Sharonov³

et al. 2006

J. Micromech. Microeng.

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show abstract

“…It is also desirable to implement systems without mechanical moving parts. Many different approaches have been studied, including the uses of a pneumaticallycontrolled liquid lens [35] and a liquid crystal based microlens [36]. Variable focal length liquid lenses with electrowetting gradients [37] and electrochemical modification of self-assembled monolayers [38] have also been demonstrated.…”

Section: Variable Focus Liquid Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Molecular Detection via Micro-Scale Polymeric Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems

Lee¹,

Pisano²,

Pruitt³

et al. 2005

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“…There are a variety of techniques [9] for producing variable LC-lenses. Modal devices [5,4] were chosen because of their simplicity, the continuity of the phase profile (and thus high efficiency), and the fact that the focal length can be continuously changed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%