Variability of water masers in evolved stars on timescales of decades

Abstract

For several decades we have been carrying out observations of water masers in the circumstellar envelopes (CSE's) of Mira variables, Red Supergiants (RSG's) and Semi-Regular Variables (SRV's) with the Medicina 32-m and Effelsberg 100-m antennas. The single-dish monitoring observations provide evidence for strong H2O maser profile variations, which likely are connected to structural changes in the maser shells. Such variations include strong flares in intensity lasting several (tens of) months and systemic vel…