The performance of endurance athletes depends upon the fractional utilization of V · o 2 max (%V · o 2 max) (di Prampero et al., 1986;Morgan et al., 1989), and, thus, the individual's V · o 2 max and running economy (RE, V · o 2 at a specified, sub-maximal running speed) (Conley and Krahenbuhl, 1986;Lacour et al., 1991;Yamaji, 1997). Daniels (1985) and di Prampero et al. (1986) found that, in adults, the velocity at the maximal oxygen intake (vV · o 2 max), depending on V · o 2 max and RE, was a useful marker of running-related endurance. V · o 2 max and RE both bear a close relationship to the average running velocity over events ranging from a 1500-m race to a full-length marathon (Bethon et al., 1997;Hill and Rowell, 1996;Lacour et al., 1991). Though the directly measured V · o 2 max and vV · o 2 max are the most precise physiologic markers of aerobic capacity in runners, such measurements are not always feasible or convenient. Determinations of V · o 2 max and vV · o 2 max require bulky and expensive equipment, and maximal running on a level treadmill Yamaji, K., et al. 154 International Journal of Sport and Health Science Vol.