Variability of runoff‐based drought conditions in the conterminous <scp>U</scp>nited <scp>S</scp>tates

McCabe, Gregory J.; Wolock, David M.; Austin, Samuel H.

doi:10.1002/joc.4756

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…ROS events can release amounts of water that are substantially higher than the actual rainfall amounts onto the preexisting snowpack. Such events can be associated with large flood events and are known to trigger landslides, change channel morphology by enhancing erosion processes and influence water quality (Brunengo, 1990;Guan, Waliser, Ralph, Fetzer, & Neiman, 2016;McCabe, Hay, & Clark, 2007;McCabe, Wolock, & Austin, 2016;Rössler et al, 2014;Singh, Spitzbart, Hübl, & Weinmeister, 1997;Surfleet & Tullos, 2013). The frequency of ROS peak flow events is projected to increase at number of places under a warming climate (Surfleet & Tullos, 2013).…”

Section: Rain-on-snowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding snow hydrological processes through the lens of stable water isotopes

et al. 2018

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Snowfall may have different stable isotopic compositions compared with rainfall, allowing its contribution to potentially be tracked through the hydrological cycle. This review summarizes the state of knowledge of how different hydrometeorological processes affect the isotopic composition of snow in its different forms (snowfall, snowpack, and snowmelt), and, through selected examples, discusses how stable water isotopes can provide a better understanding of snow hydrological processes. A detailed account is given of how the variability in isotopic composition of snow changes from precipitation to final melting. The effect of different snow ablation processes (sublimation, melting, and redistribution by wind or avalanches) on the isotope ratios of the underlying snowpack are also examined. Insights into the role of canopy in snow interception processes, and how the isotopic composition in canopy underlying snowpacks can elucidate the exchanges therein are discussed, as well as case studies demonstrating the usefulness of stable water isotopes to estimate seasonality in the groundwater recharge. Rain-on-snow floods illustrate how isotopes can be useful to estimate the role of preferential flow during heavy spring rains. All these examples point to the complexity of snow hydrologic processes and demonstrate that an isotopic approach is useful to quantify snow contributions throughout the water cycle, especially in high-elevation and highlatitude catchments, where such processes are most pronounced. This synthesis concludes by tracing a snow particle along its entire hydrologic life cycle, highlights the major practical challenges remaining in snow hydrology and discusses future research directions.

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Section: Rain-on-snowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding snow hydrological processes through the lens of stable water isotopes

et al. 2018

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“…Additionally, drought characteristics were extracted using the run theory method (Yevjevich, ). The run theory has been widely applied to identify drought characteristics due to its advantages such as having a simple principle, the convenience of describing the drought propagation (from beginning to end), and the ability to extract multiple drought characteristics from the drought index series (e.g., drought duration and magnitude; Ayantobo et al, ; McCabe et al, ; Wu et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrological Drought Instantaneous Propagation Speed Based on the Variable Motion Relationship of Speed‐Time Process

Chen

Yao

et al. 2018

Water Resources Research

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It is difficult to predict and track the propagation of a hydrological drought because it is hard to determine its propagation speed. We propose a useful framework for calculating the hydrological drought instantaneous propagation speed which includes the instantaneous development speed (IDS) and instantaneous recovery speed (IRS). First, the run theory was applied to subdivide the propagation of individual hydrological drought events into the development and recovery stages and to determine the individual propagation times (drought development duration and drought recovery duration). Then the hydrological drought instantaneous propagation speed of each hydrological drought event, including the IDS and IRS, were determined based on the variable motion relationship of speed‐time process commonly applied in physics. Finally, the optimal theoretical values of the IDS and IRS were evaluated using a cross‐validation method. Three hydrometric stations, located at the upstream catchment with less human activities influence, were chosen from different countries (China, the United States, and Germany) to demonstrate the satisfactory performance of this proposed framework. The results indicate that the variable motion relationship of speed‐time process can provide an assessment of the overall hydrological drought propagation and perform well for identifying the propagation time in these study areas. The optimal theoretical values of IDS (or IRS) obtained by the variable motion relationship can simulate the actual drought development duration (or drought recovery duration) of hydrological drought well. The sensitivity of IDS (or IRS) of hydrological drought is correlated with climate, catchment characteristics, and human activities that should be explored to improve hydrological drought propagation prediction.

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“…Early brightening in the United States during the 1930s coincided with three periods of extreme drought (McCabe et al ., ) and the reduction of cloud cover associated with decreased precipitation probably contributed to an increase in E g ↓ . This could have been enhanced by a reduction in cloud reflection and/or absorption caused by the possible reduction in anthropogenic aerosol load suggested above (Lohmann and Feichter, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar radiation measurements in the United States between 1916 and 1949 document widespread brightening in the mid‐20th century

Stanhill¹,

Paudel²,

Rosa³

2018

Intl Journal of Climatology

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An analysis is presented of global radiation E g↓ measurements made between 1916 and 1949 at 26 sites in the continental United States. The procedures used to fill gaps in the database are described and the accuracy of the data assessed. During this period E g↓ averaged 172 and 41 W/m2 above the model‐estimated values for the same sites during the 1960–1990 period and 7 W/m2 below the average values estimated between 1991 and 2010; the largest changes were found at two urban sites, New York City and Pittsburgh. The major inter‐annual variation found within the 1916–1949 period was a significant spike lasting a decade which reached a maximum around 1940. This episode of global brightening was attributed to reduced emissions of anthropogenic aerosols during the economic depression together with lesser cloud cover associated with the severe droughts occurring in the same decade. The widespread global brightening which occurred concurrently outside the United States is documented and a link between global brightening and global warming during the first half of the 20th century demonstrated.

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Variability of runoff‐based drought conditions in the conterminous United States

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Understanding snow hydrological processes through the lens of stable water isotopes

Understanding snow hydrological processes through the lens of stable water isotopes

Hydrological Drought Instantaneous Propagation Speed Based on the Variable Motion Relationship of Speed‐Time Process

Solar radiation measurements in the United States between 1916 and 1949 document widespread brightening in the mid‐20th century

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