Variability of East Asia dust events and their long-term trend

Wang, Xin; Huang, Jianping; Ji, Mingxia; Higuchi, Kaz

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.046

Cited by 157 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This implies that the arid desert-steppe areas of north-central China, being the dust source areas for e.g. Beijing dust storm events (Qian et al, 2002;Zhang et al, 2003;X. Wang et al, 2008a;Y.B.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asynchronous evolution of the Indian and East Asian Summer Monsoon indicated by Holocene moisture patterns in monsoonal central Asia

Wang

Liu

Herzschuh

2010

Earth-Science Reviews

293

111

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oThe numerical meta-analysis of 92 proxy records (72 sites) of moisture and/or temperature change confirms earlier findings that the dominant trends of climatic evolution in monsoonal central Asia since the Last Glacial roughly parallel changes in Northern Hemisphere summer insolation, i.e. the period following the Last Glacial Maximum was characterized by dry and cold conditions until 15 cal. kyr BP, followed by a warm, wet period coincident with the Bølling/Allerød warm period and terminated by a cold, dry reversal during the Younger Dryas period. After an abrupt increase at the start of the Holocene, warm and wet conditions prevailed until ca. 4 cal. kyr BP when moisture levels and temperatures started to decrease. Ordination of moisture records reveals strong spatial heterogeneity in moisture evolution during the last 10 cal. kyr. The Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) areas (northern India, Tibetan Plateau and southwest China) exhibit maximum wet conditions during the early Holocene, while many records from the area of the East Asian Summer Monsoon indicate relatively dry conditions, especially in north-central China where the maximum moisture levels occurred during the mid-Holocene. We assign such phenomena to strengthened Hadley Circulation centered over the Tibetan Plateau during the early Holocene which resulted in subsidence in the East Asian monsoonal regions leading to relatively dry conditions. Our observations of the asynchronous nature of the two Asian monsoon subsystems on millennial time scales have also been observed on annual time-scales as well as implied through the spatial analysis of vertical air motion patterns after strong ascending airflows over the Tibetan Plateau area that were calculated from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data for the last 30 years. Analogous with the early Holocene, the enhancement of the ISM in a 'future warming world' will result in an increase in the asynchronous nature of the monsoon subsystems; this trend is already observed in the meteorological data from the last 15 years.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asynchronous evolution of the Indian and East Asian Summer Monsoon indicated by Holocene moisture patterns in monsoonal central Asia

Wang

Liu

Herzschuh

2010

Earth-Science Reviews

293

111

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“…The projected increasing aridity warns that enhanced warming (climate change) coupled with rapidly increasing human activities will further exacerbate the risk of land degradation and desertification in the dry lands in the near future . Specifically, the major source regions of Asian dust have expanded from northwestern China to the Gobi desert in Inner Mongolia (Wang et al, 2008;Fu et al, 2008). Livestock population has increased substantially in the past decades (25 mL in 1990, 30 mL in 2000, 61 mL in 2016) and this increase is projected to persist into the future (Shabb et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The grazing pressure has been linked to an increased number of dust events through declined vegetation cover (Kurosaki et al, 2011) and altered areas of land cover types (Wang et al, 2008;Fu et al, 2008;. Such a change in land cover data is mostly used to assess anthropogenic dust (Tegen et al, 2004;Huang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic dust emissions due to livestock trampling in a Mongolian temperate grassland

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Mongolian grasslands are a natural dust source region and they contribute to anthropogenic dust due to the long tradition of raising livestock there. Past decades of abrupt changes in a nomadic society necessitate a study on the effects of livestock trampling on dust emissions, so that research studies may help maintain a sustainable ecosystem and well-conditioned atmospheric environment. In this study, we conducted a mini wind tunnel experiment (using a PI-SWERL ® device) to measure dust emissions fluxes from trampling (at three disturbance levels of livestock density, N) and zero trampling (natural as the background level) at test areas in a Mongolian temperate grassland. Moreover, we scaled anthropogenic dust emissions to natural dust emissions as a relative consequence of livestock trampling. We found a substantial increase in dust emissions due to livestock trampling. This effect of trampling on dust emissions was persistent throughout all wind friction velocities, u * (varying from 0.44 to 0.82 m s −1 ). Significantly higher dust loading occurs after a certain disturbance level has been reached by the livestock trampling. Our results suggest that both friction velocity (u * ) and disturbance level of livestock density (N) have an enormous combinational effect on dust emissions from the trampling test surface. This means that the effect of livestock trampling on dust emissions can be seen or revealed when wind is strong. Our results also emphasize that better management for livestock allocation coupled with strategies to prevent anthropogenic dust loads are needed. However, there are many uncertainties and assumptions to be improved on in this study.

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“…Iron in MD, usually in the form of either hematite or goethite, also absorbs solar radiation. The Loess Plateau and the deserts in the arid and semiarid regions of Mongolia and northwest China are considered some of the largest and most persistent dust sources in the Northern Hemisphere [Prospero et al, 2002;Alfaro et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2008Wang et al, , 2010Huang et al, , 2008Huang et al, , 2010, and dust lofted from these deserts can be deposited to snow downwind of source regions, either by settling from the atmosphere or in precipitation. Organics in the form of humic-like substances (HULIS) in soil also absorb solar radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black carbon and other light‐absorbing impurities in snow across Northern China

2013

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Black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and mineral dust (MD) are the most important light‐absorbing particulate impurities in snow. A field campaign was conducted in January and February 2010 to measure light‐absorbing particles in snow across northern China. About 400 snow samples were collected at 46 sites in six provinces. A spectrophotometer was used to separate snow particulate absorption by BC and non‐BC constituents, based on the different spectral dependences of their light absorption. Light absorption by MD is due to iron oxides, so iron concentration was determined by chemical analysis. Using assumed mass absorption efficiencies for BC, OC, and iron, the fractional contribution of each to total absorption was estimated. BC is a product of combustion and iron is associated with MD, but OC in snow can be associated with either combustion products deposited to snow or from soil mixed into snow. The lowest concentrations of BC were in the remote northeast on the border of Siberia, with a median concentration in surface snow of 117 ng g–1. South of this, in the industrial northeast, the median snow BC concentration was 1220 ng g–1. In the northeast, snow particulate light absorption was dominated by BC. Across the grassland of Inner Mongolia, OC, likely mostly from local soil, dominates light absorption, with median BC concentrations of 340 ng g–1 responsible for only about one third of total particulate light absorption. In the Qilian Mountains, at the northern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau, snow particulate light absorption is dominated by local soil and desert dust.

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Variability of East Asia dust events and their long-term trend

Cited by 157 publications

References 33 publications

Asynchronous evolution of the Indian and East Asian Summer Monsoon indicated by Holocene moisture patterns in monsoonal central Asia

Asynchronous evolution of the Indian and East Asian Summer Monsoon indicated by Holocene moisture patterns in monsoonal central Asia

Anthropogenic dust emissions due to livestock trampling in a Mongolian temperate grassland

Black carbon and other light‐absorbing impurities in snow across Northern China

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