Vapor pressures in the ternary system water‐nitric acid‐sulfuric acid at low temperatures

Jaecker-Voirol, A.; Ponche, Jean-Luc; Mirabel, Philippe

doi:10.1029/jd095id08p11857

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…As a result, the conversion ratio from SO 2 to sulfate aerosol particle mass depends on a humiditydependent growth factor. The growth factor as a function of relative humidity is calculated by the theoretical model of Jaecker-Voirol et al (1990). For example, at a relative humidity of 28% and a TEOM temperature of 30 • C, total conversion of 1 ppbv of SO 2 produces 5.8 µg m −3 of sulfate aerosol.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing the concept of Potential Aerosol Mass (PAM)

Kang

Root

Toohey³

et al. 2007

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

343

434

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Abstract. Potential Aerosol Mass (PAM) can be defined as the maximum aerosol mass that the oxidation of precursor gases produces. In the measurement, all precursor gases are rapidly oxidized with extreme amounts of oxidants to low volatility compounds, resulting in the aerosol formation. Oxidation occurs in a small, simple, flow-through chamber that has a short residence time and is irradiated with ultraviolet light. The amount of the oxidants ozone (O 3 ), hydroxyl (OH), and hydroperoxyl (HO 2 ) were measured directly and can be controlled by varying the UV light and the relative humidity. Maximum values were 40 ppmv for O 3 500 pptv for OH, and 4 ppbv for HO 2 . The oxidant amounts are 100 to 1000 times troposphere values, but the ratios OH/O 3 and HO 2 /OH are similar to troposphere values. The aerosol production mechanism and the aerosol mass yield were studied for several controlling variables, such as temperature, relative humidity, oxidant concentration, presence of nitrogen oxides (NO x ), precursor gas composition and amount, and the presence of acidic seed aerosol. The measured secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yield of several natural and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds and a mixture of hydrocarbons in the PAM chamber were similar to those obtained in large, batch-style environmental chambers. This PAM method is being developed for measuring potential aerosol mass in the atmosphere, but is also useful for examining SOA processes in the laboratory and in environmental chambers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing the concept of Potential Aerosol Mass (PAM)

Kang

Root

Toohey³

et al. 2007

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

343

434

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Basal faces of the sample ice Ih crystals used for the experiments were grown heteroepitaxially on the AgI crystal at T = −15 • C under supersaturated water vapor pressure conditions (P H2O = 200 Pa and P e(H2O) = 170 Pa). HNO 3 vapors were prepared by bubbling nitrogen gases through aqueous HNO 3 solutions of 0.1 and 6.8 mol/L at 25 • C. According to the phase diagram, when the bubbled nitrogen gases reached equilibrium with the aqueous HNO 3 solutions of 0.1 and 6.8 mol/L, the partial pressure of HNO 3 (P HNO3 ) in the bubbled nitrogen gases should be 6 × 10 −4 and 5 Pa, respectively [25]. Here, note that the values of P HNO3 in the bubbled nitrogen gases were expected not to exceed the theoretical maximum values.…”

Section: Appearance Of Quasi-liquid Layer On Ice In the Absence/presementioning

confidence: 99%

Appearance and Disappearance of Quasi-Liquid Layers on Ice Crystals in the Presence of Nitric Acid Gas

et al. 2020

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The surfaces of ice crystals near the melting point are covered with thin liquid water layers, called quasi-liquid layers (QLLs), which play crucial roles in various chemical reactions in nature. So far, there have been many spectroscopic studies of such chemical reactions on ice surfaces, however, revealing the effects of atmospheric gases on ice surfaces remains an experimental challenge. In this study, we chose HNO3 as a model atmospheric gas, and directly observed the ice basal faces by advanced optical microscopy under partial pressure of HNO3 (~10−4 Pa), relevant to those found in the atmosphere. We found that droplets (HNO3-QLLs) appeared on ice surfaces at temperatures ranging from −0.9 to −0.2 °C with an increase in temperature, and that they disappeared at temperatures ranging from −0.6 to −1.3 °C with decreasing temperature. We also found that the size of the HNO3-QLLs decreased immediately after we started reducing the temperature. From the changes in size and the liquid–solid phase diagram of the HNO3-H2O binary system, we concluded that the HNO3-QLLs did not consist of pure water, but rather aqueous HNO3 solutions, and that the temperature and HNO3 concentration of the HNO3-QLLs also coincided with those along a liquidus line.

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“…Sulfuric acid is a promising liquid reactant for use in reduced pressure environments such as an ESEM. First, it has a low vapor pressure of 10 -3 Pa, 32 and has been used successfully under vacuum in an Auger spectroscopy system. 33 Secondly, the freezing point of the H2SO4-H2O system falls rapidly toward 210 K as the H2SO4 concentration increases toward 5 M. 34 Likewise, concentration of the precursor can be controlled/estimated based on equilibrium with water vapor.…”

Section: Copper Deposition From Cuso 4 and H 2 Somentioning

confidence: 99%

Focused electron beam induced deposition of copper with high resolution and purity from aqueous solutions

2017

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Electron-beam induced deposition of high-purity copper nanostructures is desirable for nanoscale rapid prototyping, interconnection of chemically synthesized structures, and integrated circuit editing. However, metalorganic, gas-phase precursors for copper introduce high levels of carbon contamination. Here we demonstrate electron beam induced deposition of high-purity copper nanostructures from aqueous solutions of copper sulfate. The addition of sulfuric acid eliminates oxygen contamination from the deposit and produces a deposit with ∼95 at% copper. The addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Triton X-100, or polyethylene glycole (PEG) improves pattern resolution and controls deposit morphology but leads to slightly reduced purity. High resolution nested lines with a 100 nm pitch are obtained from CuSO-HSO-SDS-HO. Higher aspect ratios (∼1:1) with reduced line edge roughness and unintended deposition are obtained from CuSO-HSO-PEG-HO. Evidence for radiation-chemical deposition mechanisms was observed, including deposition efficiency as high as 1.4 primary electrons/Cu atom.

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Vapor pressures in the ternary system water‐nitric acid‐sulfuric acid at low temperatures

Cited by 38 publications

References 18 publications

Introducing the concept of Potential Aerosol Mass (PAM)

Introducing the concept of Potential Aerosol Mass (PAM)

Appearance and Disappearance of Quasi-Liquid Layers on Ice Crystals in the Presence of Nitric Acid Gas

Focused electron beam induced deposition of copper with high resolution and purity from aqueous solutions

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