Van Der Waals Surface Areas and Volumes of Fullerenes

Adams, G. B.; O’Keeffe, Michael; Ruoff, Rodney S.

doi:10.1021/j100089a018

Cited by 68 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…Hellhund et al [11] used the threshold energy shift to infer the radius of the fullerene shell, and obtained a value of 0.50(4) nm. Within its experimental uncertainty, this value is within the range 0.53-0.56 nm of calculated van-der-Waals radii of C 80 [18].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

Inner-Shell Ionization and Fragmentation of Isolated Endohedral Fullerene Ions by XUV Radiation

Schippers

2016

Condensed Matter

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

Inner-Shell Ionization and Fragmentation of Isolated Endohedral Fullerene Ions by XUV Radiation

Schippers

2016

Condensed Matter

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“…60 = 70 . Adams et al [12,13] have calculated a van der Waals molecular volume of 549 Å 3 for C60 and 646 In order to investigate the quality of pristine fullerene solutions in more detail we carried out diffusion measurements by pulsed gradient 13 Figure S1). …”

Section: / 18mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…60 = 70 . Adams et al [12,13] have calculated a van der Waals molecular volume of 549 Å 3 for C60 and 646 Å 3 for C70. Comparison with the molar masses of the two fullerenes suggests a close to identical molecular mass density = / , i.e.…”

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confidence: 99%

High‐Entropy Mixtures of Pristine Fullerenes for Solution‐Processed Transistors and Solar Cells

et al. 2015

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cells 2 / 18Fullerenes are an intriguing class of organic semiconductors that feature a high electron affinity and exceptional charge transport properties, desirable for a number of thin-film optoelectronic applications such as field-effect transistors (FETs) and organic solar cells. Despite their desirable solid-state properties a major disadvantage of pristine C60 and C70 is the seemingly poor solubility in organic solvents, [1,2] which however can be substantially improved by attaching exohedral moieties to the fullerene cage, albeit at the expense of a high electron mobility. [3][4][5] In addition, pristine fullerenes suffer from the strong tendency to crystallize during solvent removal, which complicates formation of continuous thin films. As a result, substituted fullerenes, such as in particular phenyl-Cx-butyric acid methyl esters (PCBMs; x = 61 or 71), are by far the most widely studied electron acceptor material for organic photovoltaic applications. The trade-off between increased solubility and reduced electron mobility has so far been acceptable for thin-film solar cells because the latter is still sufficiently high to not limit solar cell performance, which more strongly depends on the precise active layer nanostructure. However, as future improvements in device efficiency rely on thick active layers and high-mobility materials, [6] the use of pristine fullerenes may prove to be advantageous provided that solubility issues can be addressed and a favorable nanostructure can be achieved.The most efficient active layer nanostructure of organic solar cells is the bulkheterojunction, which is typically prepared by co-processing a fullerene acceptor and a suitable donor from a common organic solvent. Although devices based on the pristine fullerene C70 have been reported for both polymer and small-molecule donors with a powerconversion efficiency PCE of 5.1 % and 5.9 %, respectively, [7,8] the most competitive results are currently achieved with the more soluble PCBMs, which can yield a PCE of more than 10 %. [9] As low cost is the major selling point of organic photovoltaics, it is desirable to choose the most cost-effective materials. In this regard, the use of PCBMs as the electron 3 / 18 acceptor is not optimal. The additional synthesis steps required to prepare these derivatives from pristine fullerenes considerably increase the energy footprint, which implies a higher environmental impact as well as an overall higher materials cost. For instance, Anctil et al.calculated a life cycle embodied energy as low as about 8 GJ kg -1 for the as-synthesized C60:C70 mixture, which increases to 25 GJ kg -1 for C60 and 38 GJ kg -1 for C70 after separation and electronic-grade purification. [10] In contrast, preparation of substituted fullerenes consumes significantly more energy, i.e. 65 GJ kg -1 and 90 GJ kg -1 for electronic-grade PC61BM and PC71BM, respectively. Therefore, the use of pristine fullerenes and in particular C60:C70 mixtures may result in significant energy savings provided that the ability to f...

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“…Although the volume of the three isomers of carborane is roughly the same, they show very different dipole moments as a consequence of the different arrangement of the carbon atoms in the cluster (4.53 D, 2.85 D and zero D for o-, m-and p-, respectively) [8]. The average size of the three isomers of carborane (141-148 Å 3 ) is comparable to that of adamantane (136 Å 3 ), significantly larger (40%) than the phenyl ring rotation envelope (102 Å 3 ) and slightly smaller (10%) than C60 (160 Å 3 ) [12]. The presence of ten hydridic hydrogens at the boron atoms of the clusters makes them extremely hydrophobic, surpassing that for adamantane [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N,O-Type Carborane-Based Materials

2016

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This review summarizes the synthesis and coordination chemistry of a series of carboranyl ligands containing N,O donors. Such carborane-based ligands are scarcely reported in the literature when compared to other heteroatom-containing donors. The synthetic routes for metal complexes of these N,O-type carborane ligands are summarized and the properties of such complexes are described in detail. Particular attention is paid to the effect that the incorporation of carboranes has into the coordination chemistry of the otherwise carbon-based ligands and the properties of such materials. The reported complexes show a variety of properties such as those used in magnetic, chiroptical, nonlinear optical, catalytic and biomedical applications.

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Van Der Waals Surface Areas and Volumes of Fullerenes

Cited by 68 publications

References 1 publication

Inner-Shell Ionization and Fragmentation of Isolated Endohedral Fullerene Ions by XUV Radiation

Inner-Shell Ionization and Fragmentation of Isolated Endohedral Fullerene Ions by XUV Radiation

High‐Entropy Mixtures of Pristine Fullerenes for Solution‐Processed Transistors and Solar Cells

N,O-Type Carborane-Based Materials

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