The aim of the present study was to investigate whether imprint cytology can improve the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography-guided transthoracic core biopsy.Between October 1997 and June 2004, thoracic lesions in 622 patients underwent biopsy using 19-gauge coaxial guiding needles and 20-gauge biopsy needles under computed tomography guidance. Touch imprint cytology and histopathology were performed for all biopsy specimens.Of these lesions, 431 (74.1%) were diagnosed as malignant, 151 (25.9%) as benign and 40 (6%) as nondiagnostic. Imprint cytology plus histology shows an improved diagnostic accuracy of 96.4% compared with that of imprint cytology alone (92.3%) or histopathology alone (93.0%). Procedure-related complications requiring further treatment occurred in eight (1.4%) patients.In conclusion, imprint cytology combined with histopathology can improve the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography-guided transthoracic needle biopsy.KEYWORDS: Computed tomography, cytology, diagnostic accuracy, needle lung biopsy P ercutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (TNB) is an important diagnostic tool in the management of lung and mediastinal lesions [1][2][3][4][5]. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) with computed tomography (CT) guidance has an accuracy and sensitivity of 76-95% for the detection of malignancy in solitary lung nodules [3][4][5]. Automated biopsy needles can acquire more core specimens and increase the diagnostic sensitivity to 84-96% [6,7]. Coaxially guided needle biopsy minimises the risk associated with repeated pleural penetration and increases the volume of tissue retrieved compared with aspiration cytology or single-shot core biopsy. The diagnostic sensitivity for malignancy is 77-96% and the specificity for benign disease is 91-94% with automated coaxial core biopsy [1,2,8].Efforts to increase the diagnostic accuracy of image-guided TNB include frozen-section pathology [9] or FNA cytology combined with core biopsy under CT fluoroscopic guidance [10]. Touch imprint cytology is useful for diagnosing metastasis in surgically removed lymph nodes in breast cancer and better than conventional haematoxylin-eosin staining of paraffin sections [11,12]. However, data regarding imprint cytology and TNB are very limited. Recently, PAULOSE et al. [13] showed that imprint cytology could assist rapid diagnosis of lung cancer metastasis in mediastinal lymph nodes following CT-guided TNB. LIAO et al. [14] demonstrated improved diagnostic accuracy by using imprint cytology following ultrasound (US)-guided TNB of peripheral lung lesions. The role of touch imprint cytology in CT-guided coaxial core biopsy of intrathoracic lesions has not been investigated. The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether touch imprint cytology as an adjunct to CT-guided coaxial core biopsy can improve diagnostic accuracy for thoracic lesions.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
Study subjectsTissue specimens from 622 patients who underwent CT-guided TNB of thoracic lesions between October 1997 and June 2004 at the Natio...