Validity of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire in an Adolescent Psychiatric Population

Bernstein, David P.; Ahluvalia, Taruna; Pogge, David L.; Handelsman, Leonard

doi:10.1097/00004583-199703000-00012

Cited by 1,284 publications

(1,023 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The CTQ (34-item version), which yields scores for childhood physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect, was completed only by patients (Bernstein et al, 1997). Reliability and validity of the CTQ have been demonstrated (Bernstein et al, 1994(Bernstein et al, , 1997. These CTQ data have been previously reported in studies of clinical risk factors for suicidal behavior (Roy, 2001(Roy, , 2002.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Psychiatric status of the controls was determined by a semi-structured screening interview. The CTQ (34-item version), which yields scores for childhood physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect, was completed only by patients (Bernstein et al, 1997). Reliability and validity of the CTQ have been demonstrated (Bernstein et al, 1994(Bernstein et al, , 1997.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction between Childhood Trauma and Serotonin Transporter Gene Variation in Suicide

Roy

Janal³

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

176

115

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Although the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) contributes to depression and suicidality in a fashion modulated by environmental stress, 5-HTTLPR has been little examined in relation to suicidal behavior in substance dependence. Recently, a third functional allele of 5-HTTLPR was discovered enabling more of the interindividual variation in serotonin transporter expression to be predicted by genotype. We examined whether the 5-HTTLPR gene alone, or interacting with childhood trauma, was predictive of suicidal behavior in substance-dependent patients, a clinical population that is at high risk of suicide, as well as childhood trauma and other stress. We interviewed 306 abstinent male African-American substance-dependent patients about whether they had ever attempted suicide and administered the 34-item Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Patients and 132 male African-American controls were genotyped to determine the S, L G , and L A 5-HTTLPR alleles; some analyses grouped the S and L G alleles on the basis of equivalent function. The distribution of 5-HTTLPR genotypes did not differ between patients and controls, nor between suicide attempters and nonattempters. However, patients with low expression 5-HTTLPR genotypes and above-median CTQ scores were more likely to have attempted suicide. Logistic regression showed increasing risk of a suicide attempt with increasing reports of childhood trauma scores; in addition, this increase was exaggerated among those with low expression forms of the 5-HTTLPR genotype. Childhood trauma interacts with low expressing 5-HTTLPR genotypes to increase the risk of suicidal behavior among patients with substance dependence.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between Childhood Trauma and Serotonin Transporter Gene Variation in Suicide

Roy

Janal³

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

176

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Participants report whether an item from the questionnaire is ''never true,'' ''rarely true,'' ''sometimes true,'' ''often true,'' or ''very often true.'' Prior work has supported the reliability and validity of the CTQ for identifying children who have suffered from each type of maltreatment (Bernstein et al, 1997).…”

Section: Assessment Childhood Maltreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child maltreatment, non-suicidal self-injury, and the mediating role of self-criticism

Glassman

Weierich

Hooley

et al. 2007

Behaviour Research and Therapy

357

281

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We examined the relation between child maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Participants were 86 adolescents who completed measures of child maltreatment, self-criticism, perceived criticism, depression, and NSSI. Analyses revealed significant, small-to-medium associations between specific forms of child maltreatment (physical neglect, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse) and the presence of a recent history of NSSI. Emotional and sexual abuse had the strongest relations with NSSI, and the data supported a theoretical model in which self-criticism mediates the relation between emotional abuse and engagement in NSSI. Specificity for the mediating role of self-criticism was demonstrated by ruling out alternative mediation models. Taken together, these results indicate that several different forms of childhood maltreatment are associated with NSSI and illuminate one mechanism through which maltreatment may be associated with NSSI. Future research is needed to test the temporal relation between maltreatment and NSSI and should aim to identify additional pathways to engagement in NSSI. r

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“…Subjects also completed a standardized, retrospective measure of childhood maltreatment, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ; Bernstein et al, 1994Bernstein et al, , 1997; a widely used measure of trait anxiety, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Trait version (STAIT; Spielberger, 1983); and a widely used measure of depressive symptoms, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck et al, 1988). The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT; Bohn et al, 1995) and the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST; Skinner, 1982) were used to screen for alcohol and drug abuse, respectively.…”

Section: Screening Questionnaire Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological function in college students with and without posttraumatic stress disorder

Twamley

Hami

Stein

2004

Psychiatry Research

105

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Previous research on the neuropsychology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has identified several neurocognitive deficits that co-occur with the disorder. However, it remains unclear whether these deficits are due to trauma exposure, PTSD symptomatology or psychiatricysubstance abuse comorbidity. We examined trauma exposure, PTSD symptoms and neuropsychological performance in 235 undergraduate students, i.e. a non-clinical sample. The sample comprised 146 subjects with trauma exposure (38 with current PTSD and 108 without lifetime PTSD) and 89 no-trauma comparison (NC) subjects who were administered tests of attention, working memory, psychomotor speed, word generation and executive functioning. Relationships of neuropsychological functioning to measures of psychiatric symptoms and substance abuse were examined. Current PTSD (PTSDq), trauma-exposed without PTSD (PTSDy) and NC subjects did not differ significantly on the vast majority of neuropsychological tests. There were very few significant associations between neuropsychological performance and clinical variables, and those that were statistically significant were small in magnitude. The striking lack of differences in neuropsychological performance between the three groups suggests that college students with trauma exposure, regardless of the presence of PTSD symptoms, may be cognitively resilient. Neuropsychological impairment may not be an invariant feature of PTSD, but when it is present, it may be associated with poorer functional outcomes.

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Validity of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire in an Adolescent Psychiatric Population

Cited by 1,284 publications

References 18 publications

Interaction between Childhood Trauma and Serotonin Transporter Gene Variation in Suicide

Interaction between Childhood Trauma and Serotonin Transporter Gene Variation in Suicide

Child maltreatment, non-suicidal self-injury, and the mediating role of self-criticism

Neuropsychological function in college students with and without posttraumatic stress disorder

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