Validation Study of the Mini-Mental State Examination in Urdu Language for Pakistani Population

Awan, Safia; Shahbaz, Naila; Akhtar, Syed Wasim; Ahmad, Arsalan; Iqbal, Sadaf; Ahmed, Sellal; Naqvi, Haider; Wasay, Mohammad

doi:10.2174/1874205x01509010053

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These include spatial and temporal orientation, immediate memory, attention/concentration, delayed recall, and language [15]. The Urdu translation of MMSE has previously been validated, and a cut-off value of 24 was found to maximize sensitivity and specificity (69% and 93%, respectively) when subjects of all education levels were collectively considered [16]. Therefore, patients with scores 23 or below out of 30 were considered cognitively impaired.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Malik¹,

Ahmed²,

Mansoor³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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To determine the incidence of cognitive impairment established on the mini-mental state assessment in type 2 diabetic patients presenting at Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi. Materials and methodsThis cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out from June 2019 to December 2019. Individuals with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus were included, and detailed history, physical examination, and biochemical variables were noted. They were assessed through Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (Urdu translation) to look for the primary outcome variable, i.e., cognitive impairment. All patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed at least one year back, irrespective of gender, were included in this investigation. Patients with a previous history of head injury, epilepsy, stroke, those on an antidepressant or antipsychotic medications, those with deranged renal function tests, and those already diagnosed with dementia were excluded from the study. ResultsThree hundred thirty-two patients meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The mean ± standard deviation age of the study population was 65.32 ± 11.33 years, with maximum age being 80 years and the minimum being 50 years. Two hundred patients (60.24%) were below 65 years of age, and 132 patients (39.76%) were 65 years of age or above. Two hundred sixteen (65.06%) were males, and 116 (34.96%) were females. The mean duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) was 10.17 ± 4.81. The mean MMSE score was 22.69 ± 5.26. Out of 332 patients, 81 (24.4%) patients had cognitive impairment. Patients who were 65 or older had a significantly higher proportion of cognitive impairment, compared to those below 65 years of age (p-value = 0.0214). There was no significant difference in the proportion of cognitively impaired patients between males and females (p-value = 0.2497). Similarly, there was no significant difference between those who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for 10 years or more and those who were diagnosed less than 10 years ago (p-value = 0.3791). ConclusionCognitive impairment is common in individuals having type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is also associated with the increasing age of diabetic patients. However, cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus is not associated with gender. In addition, there is no significant difference in cognitive impairment between the patients who were diagnosed with diabetes more than 10 years ago and those who had it diagnosed less than 10 years ago.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Malik¹,

Ahmed²,

Mansoor³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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“…The MMSE Urdu had been translated using the back-translation method by researchers fluent in both English and Urdu for a Pakistani population. 42 It was administered to 400 participants with varied literacy: 100 with dementia and 300 healthy controls. 42 That study, which was the first validation study of the MMSE Urdu Assessing cultural adaptation of cognitive tests in Pakistan, found the MMSE Urdu to be a reliable and valid cognitive test in the screening of dementia in a Pakistani Urdu-speaking population.…”

Section: Mmse Urdumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…42 It was administered to 400 participants with varied literacy: 100 with dementia and 300 healthy controls. 42 That study, which was the first validation study of the MMSE Urdu Assessing cultural adaptation of cognitive tests in Pakistan, found the MMSE Urdu to be a reliable and valid cognitive test in the screening of dementia in a Pakistani Urdu-speaking population. We contacted the corresponding author of the MMSE Urdu to acquire their version of the test, the original English version they translated and culturally adapted, and the publication on their MMSE Urdu's psychometric validation.…”

Section: Mmse Urdumentioning

confidence: 99%

A new tool for assessing the cultural adaptation of cognitive tests: demonstrating the utility of the Manchester Translation Evaluation Checklist (MTEC) through the Mini-Mental State Examination Urdu

Mirza

Waheed

2022

BJPsych open

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Background Low- and middle-income countries contribute to the majority of dementia and mild cognitive impairment cases worldwide, yet cognitive tests for diagnosis are designed for Western cultures. Language and cultural discrepancies mean that translated tests are not always reliable or valid. We propose a model for culturally adapting cognitive tests, one step of which is to assess the quality of any translation and cultural adaptation undertaken. We developed the Manchester Translation Evaluation Checklist (MTEC) to act as a tool for quality assessment and demonstrated its use by assessing a popular cognitive test that had been adapted. Aims Assess quality of the translation and cultural adaptation of the Urdu Mini-Mental State Examination developed for a Pakistani population. Method Two raters completed the MTEC for the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) Urdu and compared feedback. All authors were fluent in English and Urdu and familiar with Pakistani culture. Results Raters had 78.5% agreement across the MTEC. The MMSE Urdu was appropriately translated and retained grammar and verb tense, but three questions had spelling errors. Across 20 MMSE questions, 5 required further cultural adaptation because the questions were not understandable in daily use, comfortable to answer, relevant to the language and culture, and relevant to original concepts. Conclusions The MTEC highlighted errors in the MMSE Urdu and demonstrated how this tool can be used to improve it. Future studies could employ the MTEC to improve existing translated measures of health assessment, particularly cognitive tests, and act as a quality check when developing new adaptations of tests and before psychometric validation.

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“…Максимальное количество баллов -30, ре-зультат <24 баллов указывает на наличие когнитивных проблем, 18-23 -среднее значение нарушений, 0-17 -серьезное снижение когнитивных функций. Чувствительность теста составляет 84 %, специфич-ность -80 % [17,58]. Шкала MMSE позволяет вы-явить способность пациента правильно соблюдать ре-комендации врача как при подготовке, так и во время лечения.…”

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“…7 Colorectal КОЛОПРОКТОЛОГИЯ 2' 2017 О б з о р л и т е р а т у р ы <1 -низкий риск. Шкала была валидирована в про-спективных исследованиях, проведенных в 1987, 1994 и 2014 гг., в которых также показана зависимость риска смертности от совокупности количества и тяжести коморбидной патологии, когда возраст являлся пре-диктором, влияющим на прогноз [58][59][60][61].…”

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