Validation of the Polish version of the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS)

Chodkiewicz, Jan; Ziółkowski, Marcin; Czarnecki, Damian; Gąsior, Krzysztof; Juczyński, Artur; Biedrzycka, Beata; Nowakowska‐Domagała, Katarzyna

doi:10.12740/pp/onlinefirst/40548

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Consequently, the diagnostics spectrum of the tools is more comprehensive than that of most other instruments that are used to assess craving intensity alone [ 2 ]. The value of Cronbach’s alpha in the original English version [ 35 ] and the Polish version of the PACS [ 28 ] equals 0.91 and 0.89, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The assessment of the psychometric properties of the PDCS was primarily aimed at confirming its unidimensional structure, which characterizes the PACS [ 28 , 35 ]. Therefore, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper aims to present the psychometric properties of the Penn Drug Craving Scale (PDCS), which is a modification of a Polish adaptation of the PACS [ 28 ]. Accordingly, the manuscript presents the results of verification of the hypothesis that the PACS, when adapted for drug craving measurement, maintains its unidimensional structure as well as a high reliability level.…”

Section: Aims Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, the research team at the Institute of Education at the Jagiellonian University, in their scientific project on the direct and delayed effects of therapy for people with SUD, considered analyses relating to substance craving [ 27 ]. A review of the measurement tools available in Poland conducted at the time led to the conclusion that the only scale with verified psychometric properties is an adaptation of the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS) by Chodkiewicz et al [ 28 ]. Based on the assumption that the experience of craving is independent of substance type, the team modified the PACS for drug craving measurement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychometric properties and longitudinal measurement invariance of the drug craving scale: Modification of the Polish version of the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS)

2021

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Background The Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS) is an instrument with good psychometric properties that is widely used to assess alcohol craving. Based on the assumption that the experience of craving is independent of substance type, the Polish version of the PACS was modified to measure drug craving, thus creating the Penn Drug Craving Scale (PDCS). The analyses presented in the paper aim to verify the hypothesis that the PDCS has a unidimensional structure, is highly reliable and features longitudinal measurement invariance. Methods The research was conducted in 14 inpatient and 13 outpatient randomly selected facilities that provide psychosocial therapy to people with substance use disorder (SUD) in Poland, during June 2018 –July 2019. The data used for the analyses came from 282 patients diagnosed on the basis of ICD-10 criteria (F11.2-F19.2). The paper presents analyses with the application of: [1] confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) conducted on the basis of a polychoric correlation matrix and the WLSMV estimator; [2] a reliability estimate using Cronbach’s alpha and coefficient omega; [3] verification of longitudinal measurement invariance between the beginning and end of therapy; [4] evaluation of criterion validity; [5] normalisation of the raw scores. Results The CFA results confirmed a unidimensional PDCS structure (RMSEA = 0.047, 95% CI: 0.000–0.103; CFI = 0.999; TLI = 0.999) and a high reliability of the scale (ω = 0.93). Moreover, a strict longitudinal measurement invariance of the instrument was confirmed. Conclusions Accurate assessment of craving is possible only with valid and reliable instruments. Therefore, the psychometric properties of the PDCS were verified based on the latest statistical approaches. The scale is a valid and highly reliable tool featuring longitudinal measurement invariance and can be usefully used for research and clinical purposes. Thus, the Polish version of the PACS has been modified and successfully applied to the population of people with SUD.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aims Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychometric properties and longitudinal measurement invariance of the drug craving scale: Modification of the Polish version of the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS)

2021

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“…In addition, such scales could contribute to studies related to the diagnosis and treatment of disorders related to social media use. In this respect, the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale is a practical scale that has been adapted to other cultures (Chodkiewicz et al 2018;Evren, Flannery, Çelik, Durkaya, and Dalbudak 2008;Kim et al 2008;Pérez Gálvez, De Juan-Gutiérrez Maroto, García Fernández, Cabot Ivorra, and De Vicente Manzanaro 2016). The primary aim of the present study was to adapt and validate a Turkish version of the PACS to assess craving among social media users.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of the Turkish Social Media Craving Scale (SMCS): a Validation Study

Savcı

Griffiths

2019

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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Over the past decade, the use of social media applications have increased worldwide. In parallel with this, abuse of social media has also increased. In recent years, many disorders related to social media use have been conceptualized. One of the common consequences of these disorders is the intense desire (i.e., craving) to use social media. The aim of the present study was to develop the Social Media Craving Scale (SMCS) by adapting the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS). The study comprised 423 university students (242 females and 181 males) across five different samples. The psychometric instruments used included the Social Media Craving Scale, Social Media Disorder Scale, Brief Self-Control Scale, and Personal Information Form. In the present study, structural validity and reliability of the SMCS were investigated. The structural validity of SMCS was investigated with Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and criterion validity. The reliability of SMCS was evaluated using Cronbach α internal consistency reliability coefficient, corrected item total correlation coefficients, and test-retest method. As a result of EFA, the SMCS was found to be unidimensional scale. This unidimensional structure explained approximately half of the total variance. The unidimensional structure of SMCS was tested in two different samples with CFA. As a result of CFA, SMCS models were found to have acceptable fit values. The criterion validity of the SMCS was evaluated by assessing social media disorder, selfdiscipline, impulsiveness, daily social media use duration, social media usage history, frequency of checking social media accounts during the day, number of social media accounts, and number of daily shares. Analysis demonstrated that the SMCS was associated with all these variables in the expected direction. According to the reliability analysis (Cronbach's α internal consistency coefficients, corrected item total correlation coefficients, and test-retest method), the SMCS was found to be a reliable scale. When validity and reliability analyses of the SMCS are considered as a whole, it is concluded that the SMCS is a valid and reliable scale in assessing social media craving.

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The Development of the Turkish Craving for Internet Gaming Scale (CIGS): A Validation Study

Savcı

Griffiths

2019

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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As the use of digital technology has increased, abuse and addiction to technology have been identified among a minority of users. In the mid-1990s, the concept of internet addiction was first used. Today, almost every digital technology use has been claimed to have a minority of disordered users. One key aspect of addictive substance behaviors is craving. Craving is also an important component of behavioral addictions including digital technology disorders such as Internet Gaming Disorder. The aim of the present study was to develop the Turkish version of the Craving for Internet Gaming Scale (CIGS) via an adaptation of the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS). The present study comprised 368 adolescents from four different samples. The measures used included the Craving for Internet Gaming Scale, Digital Game Addiction Scale, and Brief Self-Control Scale. The structural validity of CIGS was investigated with Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and criterion validity. The reliability of CIGS was evaluated using Cronbach α internal consistency reliability coefficient and corrected item total correlation coefficients. As a result of EFA, it was found that the five-item CIGS had a single-factor structure. The unidimensional CIGS obtained as a result of EFA was tested with CFA. As a result of CFA, the unidimensional structure of CIGS was confirmed in two different samples. Criterion validity of CIGS was assessed via digital gaming addiction, self-discipline, impulsiveness, daily internet gaming duration, and internet gaming history. As a result of criterion analysis, CIGS was associated with these variables in the expected direction. Finally, according to reliability analysis, the CIGS was found to be a reliable scale. When validity and reliability analysis of the CIGS are considered as a whole, it is concluded that the CIGS is a valid and reliable scale that assesses craving for internet gaming.

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Validation of the Polish version of the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS)

Abstract: The effects of the conducted adaptation works on the Penn Scale speak for recommending the method for scientific research and use in therapeutic practice.

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Psychometric properties and longitudinal measurement invariance of the drug craving scale: Modification of the Polish version of the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS)

Psychometric properties and longitudinal measurement invariance of the drug craving scale: Modification of the Polish version of the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS)

The Development of the Turkish Social Media Craving Scale (SMCS): a Validation Study

The Development of the Turkish Craving for Internet Gaming Scale (CIGS): A Validation Study

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