Validation of the Hungarian Version of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination for Detecting Major and Mild Neurocognitive Disorders

Abstract


 Aim: The screening of cognitive decline is a mandatory step in the early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of dementia to begin. In order to achieve this, an easy-to-take, validated neurocognitive test with good specificity and sensitivity are essential in the assessment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Hungarian version of Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (version I., ACE)- by comparing it with the conventional Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)- as a new form of assessment in order to screen for early dementia among the elderly.
 Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional.
 Place and Duration of Study: This study is a part of a larger research, conducted among voluntary elderly from the city of Pécs (Hungary) between January 2016 and December 2018.
 Methodology: The study refers to 66 patients with mild neurocognitive disorder (NCD), 51 patients with major NCD, and 133 healthy participants. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (version 5.) criteria were used for the diagnosis of dementia. Statistical analysis was performed using the receiver operator characteristics method.
 Results: The optimal cut-off score for the ACE-I for detecting mild NCD was 82, with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 96%. The optimal cut-off for the ACE for identifying major NCD was 76 with sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 98%.
 Conclusion: We concluded that the Hungarian version of the ACE is an accurate test for the detection of NCD, and could be adopted in various clinical practices.

Alteration of Visuospatial System as an Early Marker of Cognitive Decline: A Double-Center Neuroimaging Study

“…The validated Hungarian version of the Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination (Kaszás and Fekete, 2020) was applied to assess global cognitive performance (max 100 points) and the major subdomains of cognition including orientation (10 points), attention (8 points), memory (35 points), verbal fluency (14 points), language (28 points), and VS abilities (5 points). While a-MCI patients have normal MMSE scores, studies indicate that ACE scores might already sensitively signal impaired cognitive performance (Crawford et al, 2012).…”

Exploration of the Hungarian Version of Test Your Memory in General Practice: A Cross-Sectional Correlational Study of a Convenience Sample of Middle-Aged and Older Adults

“…It is therefore of the utmost importance that family physicians have the appropriate tools at their disposal to diagnose the disease, especially once factors such as increased time pressure and the adequate distribution of available personal resources are taken into account as well. Although there are extensive screening tests available in Hungarian (The Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE)), these tend to be time-consuming and require professional personnel to administer them [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Applicability of the Hungarian Version of the Test Your Memory in General Practice for Screening Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early Stage Dementia

“…And although there are extensive screening tests available in Hungarian (ADAS-Cog, MoCA, and ACE), they tend to be time-consuming and require a person with professional knowledge to take them. [5,6,7,8,9] In Hungary, the screening of dementias and the organization of patient care are in their infancy. It is also not clear which profession should provide care for the clients, and the provision and reception capacity of the social sphere has only recently begun to develop, and it is rather possible to report on its shortcomings: private institutions provide their services at high prices, and the number of publicly funded ones is very limited.…”