Validation of the CAchexia SCOre (CASCO). Staging Cancer Patients: The Use of miniCASCO as a Simplified Tool

Argilés, Josep Μ.; Betancourt, Angélica; Guàrdia‐Olmos, Joan; Peró‐Cebollero, Maribel; López‐Soriano, Francisco J.; Madeddu, Clelia; Serpe, Roberto; Busquets, Sı́lvia

doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00092

Cited by 59 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…It is for this reason that our research group introduced the so‐called CASCO (CAchexia SCOre), for assessing cancer patients. CASCO was recently validated . None of the published studies involving cancer cachexia experimental models include a measure of the severity of the syndrome like the previously reported CASCO system for human subjects .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CASCO was recently validated . None of the published studies involving cancer cachexia experimental models include a measure of the severity of the syndrome like the previously reported CASCO system for human subjects . Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to define and validate a cachexia score usable in both rats and mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The score for classifying the degree of cachexia in experimental animals was termed the Animal CAchexia SCOre (ACASCO) and the components of this scoring system are the following: (a) body and muscle weight loss, (b) inflammation and metabolic disturbances, (c) physical performance, (d) anorexia, and (e) quality of life measured using discomfort symptoms and behavioral tests. The components and the details of the measured parameters can be seen in Table and they are based on the components used for the classification of cancer cachexia in human patients …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The animal cachexia score (ACASCO)

Betancourt

Busquets

Ponce

et al. 2019

Anim Models and Exp Med

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BackgroundNone of the published studies involving cancer cachexia experimental models have included a measure of the severity of the syndrome like the scoring system previously developed for human subjects. The aim of the present investigation was to define and validate a cachexia score usable in both rat and mouse tumor models.MethodsIn order to achieve this goal, we included in the study one rat model (Yoshida AH‐130ascites hepatoma) and two mouse models (Lewis lung carcinoma and Colon26 carcinoma). The Animal cachexia score (ACASCO) includes five components: (a) body and muscle weight loss, (b) inflammation and metabolic disturbances, (c) physical performance, (d) anorexia, and (e) quality of life measured using discomfort symptoms and behavioral tests.ResultsUsing the ACASCO values, three cut‐off values were estimated by applying hierarchical cluster analysis. Four groups were originally described, one exactly below the observed mean, a second exactly over the mean, and two other groups adjusted to every cue (inferior and superior). The three cut‐off values were estimated through maximization of the classification function. This was accomplished by using a similarity matrix based on the metric properties of the variables and assuming multinormal distribution. The results show that the four groups were: no cachexia, mild cachexia, moderate cachexia and advanced cachexia.ConclusionsThe results obtained allow us to conclude that the score could be very useful as an endpoint in pre‐clinical studies involving therapeutic strategies for cancer cachexia. The potential usefulness of ACASCO relates to the primary endpoint in pre‐clinical cancer cachexia drug evaluations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The animal cachexia score (ACASCO)

Betancourt

Busquets

Ponce

et al. 2019

Anim Models and Exp Med

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“…Therefore, Busquets et al . (University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain) present the development of an easy‐to‐use tool (CASC‐IN) for the evaluation of pre‐cachectic cancer patients . Using a population of 179 cancer patients, affected by a different tumour types, they showed that the frequencies observed are non‐cachectic: 58 (32.4%), pre‐cachectic: 7 (3.9%), and cachectic: 114 (63.7%).…”

Section: Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, Busquets et al 43 (University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain) present the development of an easy-to-use tool (CASC-IN) for the evaluation of pre-cachectic cancer patients. 44,45 Using a population of 179 cancer patients, affected by a different tumour types, they showed that the frequencies observed are non-cachectic: 58 (32.4%), precachectic: 7 (3.9%), and cachectic: 114 (63.7%). They concluded that the CASC-IN not only permits the identification of those patients that are pre-cachectic but also serves to discriminate those patients that are cachectic and, therefore, can be included in staging determination by means of either CASCO or MiniCASCO.…”

Section: Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in the field of cachexia, sarcopenia, and muscle wasting: highlights from the 12th Cachexia Conference

Ebner

Anker

Haehling

2020

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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This article highlights preclinical and clinical studies in the field of wasting disorders that were presented at the 12th Cachexia Conference held in Berlin, Germany, in December 2019. Herein, we summarize the biological and clinical significance of different strategies including antibodies that target Fn14, Spsb 1, SAA1 treatment, ZIP14, a MuRF1 inhibitor, and new diagnostic tools like T‐cell communication targets and cut‐offs for the detection of skeletal muscle wasting. Of particular interest were the transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells and muscle stem cell communication. Importantly, one presentation discussed the effect of metal ion transporter ZIP14 loss that reduces cancer‐induced cachexia. The potential of anti‐ZIP14 antibodies and zinc chelation as anti‐cachexia therapy may require testing in patients with cancer cachexia. Large clinical studies were presented such as RePOWER (observational study of patients with primary mitochondrial myopathy), MMPOWER (treatment with elamipretide in patients with primary mitochondrial myopathy), and ACT‐ONE as well as new mouse models like the KPP mouse. Promising treatments include rapamycin analogue treatment, anamorelin, elanapril, glucocorticoids, SAA1, antibodies that target Fn14, and a MuRF1 inhibitor. Clinical studies investigated novel approaches, including the role of exercise. It remains a fact, however, that effective treatments for cachexia and wasting disorders are urgently needed in order to improve patients' quality of life and their survival.

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Development and validation of a clinically applicable score to classify cachexia stages in advanced cancer patients

Zhou

Wang

Liu

et al. 2018

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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BackgroundCachexia is a multifactorial syndrome that is highly prevalent in advanced cancer patients and leads to progressive functional impairments. The classification of cachexia stages is essential for diagnosing and treating cachexia. However, there is a lack of simple tools with good discrimination for classifying cachexia stages. Therefore, our study aimed to develop a clinically applicable cachexia staging score (CSS) and validate its discrimination of clinical outcomes for different cachexia stages.MethodsAdvanced cancer patients were enrolled in our study. A CSS comprising the following five components was developed: weight loss, a simple questionnaire of sarcopenia (SARC‐F), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, appetite loss, and abnormal biochemistry. According to the CSS, patients were classified into non‐cachexia, pre‐cachexia, cachexia, and refractory cachexia stages, and clinical outcomes were compared among the four groups.ResultsOf the 297 participating patients, data from 259 patients were ultimately included. Based on the CSS, patients were classified into non‐cachexia (n = 69), pre‐cachexia (n = 68), cachexia (n = 103), and refractory cachexia (n = 19) stages. Patients with more severe cachexia stages had lower skeletal muscle indexes (P = 0.002 and P = 0.004 in male and female patients, respectively), higher prevalence of sarcopenia (P = 0.017 and P = 0.027 in male and female patients, respectively), more severe symptom burden (P < 0.001), poorer quality of life (P < 0.001 for all subscales except social well‐being), and shorter survival times (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe CSS is a simple and clinically applicable tool with excellent discrimination for classifying cachexia stages. This score is extremely useful for the clinical treatment and prognosis of cachexia and for designing clinical trials.

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Validation of the CAchexia SCOre (CASCO). Staging Cancer Patients: The Use of miniCASCO as a Simplified Tool

Cited by 59 publications

References 33 publications

The animal cachexia score (ACASCO)

The animal cachexia score (ACASCO)

Recent developments in the field of cachexia, sarcopenia, and muscle wasting: highlights from the 12th Cachexia Conference

Development and validation of a clinically applicable score to classify cachexia stages in advanced cancer patients

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