Vaccinia Virus, a Promising New Therapeutic Agent for Pancreatic Cancer

Yaghchi, Chadwan Al; Zhang, Zhongxian; Alusi, Ghassan; Lemoine, Nick R.; Wang, Yaohe

doi:10.2217/imt.15.90

Cited by 52 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…There are many different strains of the virus and of these; Lister, Wyeth, and Western Reserve strains are the most used in research. VV is a very promising anti-cancer agent ( 41 ) for many reasons including its very short life cycle (around 8 h) and its ability to replicate in hypoxic conditions ( 42 ). Moreover, it does not have a specific receptor and viral fusion with the plasma membrane facilitates entry ( 43 ) which makes it a potential candidate for treatment of all tumor types.…”

Section: Vaccinia Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oncolytic Viruses—Interaction of Virus and Tumor Cells in the Battle to Eliminate Cancer

et al. 2017

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Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are an emerging treatment option for many cancer types and have recently been the focus of extensive research aiming to develop their therapeutic potential. The ultimate aim is to design a virus which can effectively replicate within the host, specifically target and lyse tumor cells and induce robust, long lasting tumor-specific immunity. There are a number of viruses which are either naturally tumor-selective or can be modified to specifically target and eliminate tumor cells. This means they are able to infect only tumor cells and healthy tissue remains unharmed. This specificity is imperative in order to reduce the side effects of oncolytic virotherapy. These viruses can also be modified by various methods including insertion and deletion of specific genes with the aim of improving their efficacy and safety profiles. In this review, we have provided an overview of the various virus species currently being investigated for their oncolytic potential and the positive and negative effects of a multitude of modifications used to increase their infectivity, anti-tumor immunity, and treatment safety, in particular focusing on the interaction of tumor cells and OVs.

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Section: Vaccinia Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oncolytic Viruses—Interaction of Virus and Tumor Cells in the Battle to Eliminate Cancer

et al. 2017

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“…Viral entry is not dependent on cell receptors but on membrane fusion, allowing this virus to infect almost any mammalian cell type. This natural tropism for almost any tissue, along with its fast and efficient non-integrative replication cycle, its cell-to-cell spread ability, and its relatively easy genetic modification, makes VV an interesting tool in generating a recombinant virus as well as in designing alternative approaches for glioma oncolytic treatment [ 67 , 68 ].…”

Section: Dna Viruses Proposed As Glioma Oncolytic Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oncolytic Virotherapy in Glioma Tumors

Ríus-Rocabert

García-Romero

Garcı́a

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Glioma tumors are one of the most devastating cancer types. Glioblastoma is the most advanced stage with the worst prognosis. Current therapies are still unable to provide an effective cure. Recent advances in oncolytic immunotherapy have generated great expectations in the cancer therapy field. The use of oncolytic viruses (OVs) in cancer treatment is one such immune-related therapeutic alternative. OVs have a double oncolytic action by both directly destroying the cancer cells and stimulating a tumor specific immune response to return the ability of tumors to escape the control of the immune system. OVs are one promising alternative to conventional therapies in glioma tumor treatment. Several clinical trials have proven the feasibility of using some viruses to specifically infect tumors, eluding undesired toxic effects in the patient. Here, we revisited the literature to describe the main OVs proposed up to the present moment as therapeutic alternatives in order to destroy glioma cells in vitro and trigger tumor destruction in vivo. Oncolytic viruses were divided with respect to the genome in DNA and RNA viruses. Here, we highlight the results obtained in various clinical trials, which are exploring the use of these agents as an alternative where other approaches provide limited hope.

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“…A wide range of vector backbones have been investigated, including “naturally oncolytic” organisms such as reovirus 27– 29 . However, most agents comprise attenuated variants of well-characterised viruses.…”

Section: Oncolytic Virotherapy and Immunomodulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virotherapy: cancer gene therapy at last?

2016

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For decades, effective cancer gene therapy has been a tantalising prospect; for a therapeutic modality potentially able to elicit highly effective and selective responses, definitive efficacy outcomes have often seemed out of reach. However, steady progress in vector development and accumulated experience from previous clinical studies has finally led the field to its first licensed therapy. Following a pivotal phase III trial, Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec/T-Vec) received US approval as a treatment for cutaneous and subcutaneous melanoma in October 2015, followed several weeks later by its European authorisation. These represent the first approvals for an oncolytic virotherapy. Imlygic is an advanced-generation herpesvirus-based vector optimised for oncolytic and immunomodulatory activities. Many other oncolytic agents currently remain in development, providing hope that current success will be followed by other diverse vectors that may ultimately come to constitute a new class of clinical anti-cancer agents. In this review, we discuss some of the key oncolytic viral agents developed in the adenovirus and herpesvirus classes, and the prospects for further enhancing their efficacy by combining them with novel immunotherapeutic approaches.

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Vaccinia Virus, a Promising New Therapeutic Agent for Pancreatic Cancer

Cited by 52 publications

References 115 publications

Oncolytic Viruses—Interaction of Virus and Tumor Cells in the Battle to Eliminate Cancer

Oncolytic Viruses—Interaction of Virus and Tumor Cells in the Battle to Eliminate Cancer

Oncolytic Virotherapy in Glioma Tumors

Virotherapy: cancer gene therapy at last?

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