Vaccines’ New Era-RNA Vaccine

Zhou, Wenshuo; Jiang, Linglei; Liao, Shimiao; Wu, Feifei; Yang, Guohuan; Hou, Li; Liu, Lan; Pan, Xinping; Jia, William; Zhang, Yuntao

doi:10.3390/v15081760

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…This scenario opens the possibility for the selection of new traits, including drug resistance. Finally, the COVID-19 pandemic also boosted the development of mRNA vaccines [ 28 ]. Conventional mRNA vaccines are affordable and can be rapidly manufactured, displaying high flexibility and adaptability to address emerging variants and outbreaks [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the COVID-19 pandemic also boosted the development of mRNA vaccines [ 28 ]. Conventional mRNA vaccines are affordable and can be rapidly manufactured, displaying high flexibility and adaptability to address emerging variants and outbreaks [ 28 ]. In fact, a study for an HCV mRNA vaccine candidate has already been reported by a north American group [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The COVID-19 Pandemic Affected Hepatitis C Virus Circulation and Genotypic Frequencies—Implications for Hepatitis C Prevention, Treatment and Research

Oliveira Correa,

Chies

2024

Epidemiologia

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Hepatitis C is regarded as a global health issue caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. HCV is targeted for elimination by 2030 as a global public health goal. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has changed human circulation and prevented access to diagnostics and treatment to many other diseases, including hepatitis C. COVID-19 impacted HCV global elimination efforts with implications not fully comprehended yet. The high genetic variability in HCV makes the development of vaccines and pan-genotypic drug therapies a difficult task. Changes in the dynamics of HCV impose new challenges for public health and opportunities for future research. Meta-analysis, the follow up of new cases and sampling of HCV patients compared with previously available data are options for investigating the possible changes. The determination of HCV genotypes and subtypes is important for understanding viral dynamics and treatment; therefore, the changes in genotype and subtype prevalences can directly affect such processes. Recent results in the literature already suggest changes in HCV dynamics during the COVID-19 pandemic, both considering viral circulation and differential genotypic frequencies in distinct geographic areas. In this context, we propose a further examination of these trends using different approaches to provide support for the hypothesis that the COVID-19 pandemic affected HCV circulation, since these findings would have important implications for hepatitis C prevention, treatment and research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The COVID-19 Pandemic Affected Hepatitis C Virus Circulation and Genotypic Frequencies—Implications for Hepatitis C Prevention, Treatment and Research

Oliveira Correa,

Chies

2024

Epidemiologia

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“…These antigens encode mRNA molecules inducing both humoral and cellular immunity, enabling immune cells to produce proteins from the virus. These proteins stimulate an immune response that forms a protective barrier against infection, aiding in pathogen recognition and destruction [ 23 ]. Since mRNA vaccines are not constructed by live pathogens, they are non-infectious and offer multiple advantages, such as high effectiveness, easy adaptability, an easy antigen design and the capacity to induce both humoral and cellular immunity.…”

Section: Research Progress Of the Tb Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing TB Vaccine Efficacy: Current Progress on Vaccines, Adjuvants and Immunization Strategies

Wang,

Fang

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global infectious disease primarily transmitted via respiratory tract infection. Presently, vaccination stands as the primary method for TB prevention, predominantly reliant on the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine. Although it is effective in preventing disseminated diseases in children, its impact on adults is limited. To broaden vaccine protection, efforts are underway to accelerate the development of new TB vaccines. However, challenges arise due to the limited immunogenicity and safety of these vaccines, necessitating adjuvants to bolster their ability to elicit a robust immune response for improved and safer immunization. These adjuvants function by augmenting cellular and humoral immunity against M. tuberculosis antigens via different delivery systems, ultimately enhancing vaccine efficacy. Therefore, this paper reviews and summarizes the current research progress on M. tuberculosis vaccines and their associated adjuvants, aiming to provide a valuable reference for the development of novel TB vaccines and the screening of adjuvants.

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“…Among them, Zhou et al. reported that RNA vaccines possessed several advantages, such as high efficacy, adaptability, simplicity in antigen design, and the ability to induce both humoral and cellular immunity and that RNA vaccines could offer relatively rapid and cost-effective manufacturing, flexibility to target emerging or mutant pathogens and a potential approach for clearing immunotolerant microbes by targeting bacterial or parasitic survival mechanisms ( 78 ). However, mRNA vaccines had to be formulated in lipid nanoparticles for intramuscular injection, and the ionizable lipids, which are a necessary component of lipid nanoparticles for effective cell transport, have the potential to cause adverse events.…”

Section: Probiotics In the Post-covid-19 Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of anti-viral effects of probiotics via immune cells in pre-, mid- and post-SARS-CoV2 era

Kanauchi,

Low,

Jounai

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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The COVID-19 outbreak has caused significant global changes and increased public awareness of SARS-CoV-2. Substantial progress in developing vaccines, enhancing sanitation practices, and implementing various measures to combat the virus, including the utilization of probiotics has been made. This comprehensive review examined the medical impact of clinically proven probiotics on infectious diseases, considering three crucial time periods: before (pre-), during (mid-), and after (post-) COVID-19 pandemic era. This review also showed a perspective on the use of probiotics to stimulate the innate immune system and prevent infectious diseases. In pre-COVID-19 era, several probiotic strains were found to be clinically effective in addressing gastrointestinal infectious diseases, the common cold and flu. However, the mechanism by which probiotics exerted their antiviral effects remained relatively unclear during that period. Nevertheless, probiotics, Lactococcus lactis strain Plasma (LC-Plasma), and others have gained attention for their unique ability to modulate the immune system and demonstrate antiviral properties. While some probiotics have shown promise in alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms linked to COVID-19, their direct effectiveness in treating or preventing COVID-19 progression has not yet been conclusively established. As we transition into the post-COVID-19 era, the relationship between COVID-19 and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), a vital component of the innate immune system, has been gradually elucidated. These findings are now being applied in developing novel vaccines and treatments involving interferons and in immune activation research using probiotics as adjuvants, comparable to CpG-DNA through TLR9. The role of the local innate immune system, including pDCs, as the first line of defense against viral infections has gained increasing interest. Moving forward, insight of the immune system and the crosstalk between probiotics and the innate immune system is expected to highlight the role of probiotics in adjunctive immunoregulatory therapy. In combination with drug treatments, probiotics may play a more substantial role in enhancing immune responses. The immunoregulatory approach using probiotics such as LC-Plasma, which can induce anti-infectious factors such as interferons, holds promise as a viable therapeutic and prophylactic option against viral infectious diseases due to their good safety profile and protective efficacy.

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Vaccines’ New Era-RNA Vaccine

Cited by 11 publications

References 105 publications

The COVID-19 Pandemic Affected Hepatitis C Virus Circulation and Genotypic Frequencies—Implications for Hepatitis C Prevention, Treatment and Research

The COVID-19 Pandemic Affected Hepatitis C Virus Circulation and Genotypic Frequencies—Implications for Hepatitis C Prevention, Treatment and Research

Enhancing TB Vaccine Efficacy: Current Progress on Vaccines, Adjuvants and Immunization Strategies

Overview of anti-viral effects of probiotics via immune cells in pre-, mid- and post-SARS-CoV2 era

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