Vaccination status of people living with HIV/AIDS in outpatient care in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil

Abstract

Antiretroviral therapy has increased the survival of patients with HIV/AIDS, thus necessitating health promotion practice with immunization. Vaccines are critical components for protecting people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The purpose of study was to analyze the vaccination status of PLWHA in outpatient care in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Cross-sectional study performed from June 2014 to June 2015. The screening was done with patients in antiretroviral therapy, 420 patients underwent screening, but only 99 met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected for interviews using forms to characterize sociodemographic, clinical and vaccination situations. Only 14 patients had complete vaccination schedules. The most used vaccines were hepatitis B, influenza vaccine and 23-valent pneumococcal. There was no difference between men and women regarding the proportion of PLWHA with full vaccination schedule or between sex, skin color, marital status, sexual orientation, religion or occupational status. There was no difference between having or not having a complete vaccination schedule and age, years of education, family income or number of hospitalizations. CD4+ T-cells count of patients with incomplete immunization was lower than patients with complete immunization. Health education strategies can be done individually or in groups to explain the importance of vaccination and to remind about doses to be administered. Most patients did not have proper adherence to vaccination schedules, especially due to lack of guidance. Results implied that education in health is important for vaccination adhesion, knowledge of adverse events and continuation of schemes.

Prevalence of arterial hypertension and risk factors among people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

“…Part I of the form had already been validated in previous studies 14 - 15 , the data on hypertension and its risk factors were added to it. Prior to data collection, the complete form was applied to 20 aids patients whom were not part of the sample.…”

The journey of special population to vaccination centers in Brazil: knowledge and perceptions

“…Previous Brazilian studies have assessed vaccine coverage among people living with HIV/AIDS from cities of different regions. Percentages of patients with a vaccination card classified as complete regarding the proposed calendar at the time of the study were 16.7% and 14% in São Paulo and Fortaleza, respectively [9,10]. In another study assessing the same patient profile followed by a specialized healthcare center from Espírito Santo, 20% have never received a vaccine [11].…”

“…The influence of referring patients to a basic health unit could be observed in the analysis of people living with HIV/AIDS cohorts from Ceará and Espírito Santo. Vaccines available at these units, such as influenza, diphtheria and tetanus, have shown a greater uptake when compared to those available only at CRIE, such as pneumococcal [10,11].…”

“…A study conducted with rheumatological patients from Brasília showed that only 7% the sample received orientation regarding vaccination from the specialist, however, 47% have inadvertently received a live component vaccine while using immunosuppressant therapy [14]. The lack of recommendation by health providers was also indicated as a reason for people living with HIV/AIDS low adherence to vaccination, in another study from Ceará [10].…”

Предиктори Напруженості Антитоксичного Протидифтерійного Імунітету У Віл-Інфікованих Дорослих Осіб

“…На сучасному етапі пандемія ВІЛ-інфекції змінила свої характеристики. На глобальному рівні відбулося зменшення кількості нових випадків захворювання на ВІЛ-інфекцію та летальних випадків від ВІЛ-асоційованих нозологій завдяки значному прогресу у запобіганні розповсюдження означеної інфекції, а також збільшенню кількості осіб, які мають доступ до антиретровірусної терапії (АРТ) [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Завдяки АРТ тривалість та якість життя ВІЛ-інфікованих осіб можна порівняти з ВІЛнегативними особами, тому необхідно розглядати першочергові питання первинної допомоги ВІЛ-інфікованим особам дорослого віку [7,8].…”