UWB microwave detection of breast cancer using SAR

Banu, Mahbuba Akhter; Vanaja, S.; Poonguzhali, S.

doi:10.1109/iceets.2013.6533366

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…To validate the simulated results experimentally, fabricated MTFPA is coupled to the vector network analyzer (Keysight, ENA‐5063A), which transmits microwaves toward an artificially prepared phantom. To prepare an artificial breast phantom, various options are available in the literature, like gelatin and oil, 21 petroleum jelly and wheat flour, 23 a mixture of safflower oil, formaldehyde with kerosene oil, 37 urethane rubber, and carbon black graphite 38 . In this paper, the tumor‐embedded breast bio‐phantom is prepared with “Agar Powder + Sucrose” (for skin), and this mixture possesses a dielectric constant (ε r ) of 38 and conductivity of 1.46 S/m.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To prepare an artificial breast phantom, various options are available in the literature, like gelatin and oil, 21 petroleum jelly and wheat flour, 23 a mixture of safflower oil, formaldehyde with kerosene oil, 37 urethane rubber, and carbon black graphite. 38 In this paper, the tumor-embedded breast biophantom is prepared with "Agar Powder + Sucrose" (for skin), and this mixture possesses a dielectric constant (ε r ) of 38 and conductivity of 1.46 S/m. Agar, a yellowish- white powder that molds the dielectric characteristics of artificial tissues and retains them in place, and Sucrose (sugar), a white, crystalline material, while a mixture of agar powder and olive oil with a dielectric constant (ε r ) of 5.28 and conductivity of 0.10 S/m is used for fat layer, where the primary purpose of oil is to create a hydrophobic viscous liquid and odorless powder that is used to significantly tune down relative permittivity while also slightly increasing electrical conductivity to create ATE materials with low water content, and finally, 5 g wheat flour+2.5 g water mixture content of dielectric constant (ε r ) of 23 and conductivity of 2.57 S/m are used to create tumors.…”

Section: Experimental Verification Of the Monostatic Radar-based Tumo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and analysis of a super compact UWB antenna for accurate detection of breast tumors using monostatic radar‐based microwave imaging technique

Grover

Singh

Sahu

2023

Int J Imaging Syst Tech

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This article proposes a low‐profile ultra‐wideband (UWB) antenna for breast tumor detection using the monostatic radar‐based microwave imaging (RBMI) technique. The proposed UWB antenna consists of a circular patch and ground plane along with a modified tapered feed line having a total size of 13 × 9 × 1.6 mm3. The designed antenna operates from 4 to 11 GHz based on a −10 dB reflection coefficient with a peak gain of 9.5 dBi at 4.8 GHz. Experimental validation is carried out after fabricating the prototype of the UWB antenna and the breast mimic. The measured backscattered signals are captured using the vector network analyzer (E‐5063A) by keeping the antenna at 10 mm from the breast phantom. After that, post‐processing of the measured data is done to detect the exact depth and location of the malignant tissue. The proposed antenna uses UWB band frequency of operation because it has some unique features, that is, it provides immunity to multipath fading, has a simple design, has a low cost of fabrication, and has biological friendliness. Moreover, due to the proposed antenna's resonance at a lower resonant frequency better depth of penetration is achieved in human body phantoms and the proposed antenna provides specific absorption rates (SAR) of 0.877 W/kg over 1 g of tissue at 4.8 GHz, which is an acceptable limit for SAR as per FCC guidelines. Therefore, the proposed antenna and monostatic RBMI technique are good candidates for breast tumor detection.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Verification Of the Monostatic Radar-based Tumo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and analysis of a super compact UWB antenna for accurate detection of breast tumors using monostatic radar‐based microwave imaging technique

Grover

Singh

Sahu

2023

Int J Imaging Syst Tech

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…11). Literature survey on breast phantom fabrication techniques shows that phantoms made from oil and gelatin [23, 34], mixture of kerosene oil, safflower oil with formaldehyde [35], carbon black graphite and urethane rubber [36], petroleum jelly and wheat flour [25] are the available choices for breast phantom fabrication. Because of the ease of availability and cost of fabrication, a breast phantom model made from polyethylene material as skin layer, petroleum jelly as the fat layer, and mixture of wheat flour plus water as tumor inside this structure is used in the preparation of prototype of the breast phantom for MWI purpose [25].…”

Section: Design Of a Breast Phantom And Simulation Results: S Parametmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast tissue tumor detection using “S” parameter analysis with an UWB stacked aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna having a “ + ” shaped defected ground structure

Kaur

2019

Int. J. Microw. Wireless Technol.

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Microwave imaging is an efficient technique that can be used for the early detection of breast cancer. Therefore the current research article presents the microwave imaging of two spherical tumors (radius 4 and 5 mm) in the breast phantom by using the monostatic radar-based technique. This is carried out by using an ultra-wideband (4.9–10.9 GHz), three-layered stacked aperture coupled microstrip antenna (SACMPA) with a defected ground structure to scan the breast phantom and make near field S parameter measurements from a breast phantom. The S parameter data from different locations and at different time intervals are noted and then used in a beam-forming algorithm; Delay and Sum to process it and form a 2D image of the tumor location in the breast phantom using MATLAB. The proposed SACMPA is a three-layered structure with overall dimensions of 37 × 43 × 4.85 mm3 that shows an impedance bandwidth of 6 GHz (4.9–10.9 GHz) and a simulated peak gain of 6.32 dB at a frequency of 9.1 GHz. The validation of S parameters and gain results are done using a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and an anechoic chamber. The experimental validation of the proposed microwave imaging procedure is done by allowing the SACMPA to radiate parallel to the breast phantom made from polythene (skin), petroleum jelly (fat), and wheat flour (with water as tumor) and record the S parameters on the VNA. The proposed microwave method is safe for human exposure as the antenna also shows simulated specific absorption rates of 0.271 and 1.115 W/Kg (on the breast phantom) at frequencies of 5.7 and 6.5 GHz, respectively (for 1 g of body tissue).

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“…Specific absorption rate at resonance frequencies of proposed antenna has been performed to check the effect of antenna radiations on the human breast. It has been validated that the proposed antenna retains a harmless radiation that is, below 1.6 W/kg for 1 g of body issue 18 is 0.8 W/kg and 1.1 W/kg at resonance frequency of 6.1 and 10.8 GHz, respectively. The details about the experimental procedure done for breast cancer detection using RBMI are explained in the next subsection.…”

Section: Experimental Validation Of Usage Of the Proposed Dra For Rbmmentioning

confidence: 91%

Monostatic radar‐based microwave imaging of breast tumor detection using a compact cubical dielectric resonator antenna

Kaur

2020

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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This research article presents a proficient, convenient, and low-cost monostatic radar-based microwave imaging (RBMI) technique for the breast tumor detection. For this, a compact cubical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with impedance bandwidth of 8.3 GHz (ie, 4.3-12.6 GHz) has been simulated using CST V 0 17. In proposed monostatic RBMI technique, the designed DRA is placed parallel to the breast phantom and rotated around it at an interval of 10 in elevation plane (0-π) and azimuthal plane (0-2π), respectively; first, without and then with tumor inside the breast phantom. Total 1080 back-scattered signals are recorded for the entire impedance bandwidth, and processed for microwave imaging. For the validation of results, fabricated antenna is rotated around the artificial breast mimic. The artificial breast mimic is made up from gelatin (skin), petroleum jelly (fat), and wheat flour (tumor). The backscattered signals from the artificial breast phantom have been recorded on the vector network analyzer model no. E5063A for both the cases that is, with absence and presence of tumor at different position and time intervals. The recorded S-parameters have been processed in two beam-forming algorithms; delay and sum (DAS), delay multiply and sum (DMAS). These signals are then converted into digital data and processed in the MATLAB, to visualize the 2D image of the scanned area to detect the breast tumor. By comparing the reconstructed images, it is concluded that the DAS algorithm provides just a clue about the presence of the tumor, but DMAS provides the accurate position and size of the breast tumor.

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UWB microwave detection of breast cancer using SAR

Cited by 18 publications

References 9 publications

Design and analysis of a super compact UWB antenna for accurate detection of breast tumors using monostatic radar‐based microwave imaging technique

Design and analysis of a super compact UWB antenna for accurate detection of breast tumors using monostatic radar‐based microwave imaging technique

Breast tissue tumor detection using “S” parameter analysis with an UWB stacked aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna having a “ + ” shaped defected ground structure

Monostatic radar‐based microwave imaging of breast tumor detection using a compact cubical dielectric resonator antenna

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