UV photochemical vapor generation of Cd from a formic acid based medium: optimization, efficiency and interferences

Abstract

<p>UV-photochemical generation of cadmium volatile species was carried out from formic acid medium containing ferrous ions resulting in improved reproducibility.</p>

Ultrasensitive Detection of Ruthenium by Coupling Cobalt and Cadmium Ion-Assisted Photochemical Vapor Generation to Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

“…A similar result was earlier reported for PVG of W when efficiency was enhanced with the use of a 500 mg L −1 addition of Cd 2+ but attributed rather to the physical transport of co-generated aerosol from the PVG system, 39 although some contribution from direct PVG action cannot be ruled out with certainty. 38 It is obvious from Figure 2 that Co 2+ is the only attractive sensitizer for PVG of Ru worthy of further experiments despite overall PVG efficiencies (≈7−8% for added 50−150 mg L −1 Co 2+ ) exhibiting no substantial benefit over PN sample introduction, and the high concentration of Co 2+ ions remains unfavorable for a long-term use. Although added only to a standard/sample, brownish deposits were visible at the tip of the torch injector after a single day of operation using only 50 mg L −1 Co 2+ as the sensitizer.…”

“…The overall PVG efficiency was determined according to our previously published procedure 20,38,39,46,47 and is the product of a sensitivity enhancement factor and absolute nebulization efficiency. This enhancement factor was calculated as the ratio of the peak area sensitivity obtained with FI-PVG sample introduction to that arising from FI-PN during their concurrent operation; hence, both were measured under exactly the same plasma conditions.…”

“…The nebulization efficiency was determined under optimal settings of the ICPMS (Table S1) using a modified waste collection method. 20,38,39,46,47 The overall PVG efficiency was also periodically estimated from the comparison of peak area sensitivities arising from FI introduction of a single Ru 3+ standard for PN and PVG, providing an immediate indication of the state of optimization of the PVG methodology; these values are given in the text without a corresponding SD.…”

“…The enhancement factor reached 3.54 ± 0.01. Considering a nebulization efficiency of 8.20 ± 0.02% determined using a modified waste collection method following a recently published procedure, 20,38,39,46,47 the overall PVG efficiency reached 29.0 ± 0.1%.…”

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in atomic spectrometry and related techniques

“…The reaction mechanism was investigated using GC-MS, leading to the tentative identification of the volatile species Bi(CH 3 ) 3 and Co(CO) 4 H 2 . Nováková et al 40 investigated the PVG of Cd using a 6 W low-pressure Hg lamp and AFS detection. They used quite a low concentration of formic acid (1.5% v/v), in comparison to other studies.…”