UV-curable low surface energy fluorinated polycarbonate-based polyurethane dispersion

Hwang, Hyeon-Deuk; Kim, Hyun‐Joong

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2011.06.044

Cited by 64 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Fluorination, which reduces the intrinsic absorption loss from hydrocarbons over a specific near infra-red range, has been reported to lead to a decrease in the refractive index. 12,13 Sulfurcarbon covalent bonds increase the refractive index. Recently, cyclic 1,3-dithianes and 1,3-dithiolane developed through acrylic derivation were reported to have a high refractive index.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and evaluation of thermoplastic polyurethanes as thermo-optic waveguide materials

Jang

Yun

2014

Polym J

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The refractive index and thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) of linear polyurethanes and UV-cured polyacrylates were determined over a range of near infrared (NIR )wavelengths. Three different linear polyurethanes were prepared from the polycondensation of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and novel diols containing cyclic substituents, such as 1,3-dithiane, cyclic O,S-acetal and 1,3-dithiolane. The polymers exhibited a glass transition at 71-131 1C and were stable up to B250 1C. Urethane-diacrylate was prepared via a reaction of IPDI and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and a urethane-acrylate polymer film was produced under UV-irradiation. The urethane content of the UV-polymers was adjusted using composite films from a diacrylate-derived from 1,3-dithiane-attached diol. The linear polyurethane provided a high thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) of À3.63 Â 10 À4 1C À1 (1550 nm). The coefficient was dependent on the urethane content of the UV-composite films, which exhibited a larger thermooptic effect than the pure UV-acrylate films because of the urethane group. All the urethane-polymer films exhibited a very low birefringence (o0.0004). The presence of N-H in the urethane backbones rarely resulted in additional absorption loss as waveguide materials at specific wavelengths of 1100, 1310 and 1550 nm. A urethane-acrylate composite film exhibited propagation losses of 0.09 (1100 nm), 0.244 (1310 nm) and 0.288 dB cm À1 (1550 nm). The losses (1310 and 1550 nm) were reduced to o0.09 dB cm À1 in the deuterium-exchanged film. INTRODUCTIONData transmission along optical fibers has progressed with increasing speed, data quality and decreasing cost. Planar waveguide devices offer the advantages of a cost-effective fabrication process, easy integration and compactness. 1,2 These waveguide devices potentially offer high reliability because unlike micro-opto-electromechanical systems, there are no moving parts, and the devices are driven by a change in the refractive index. 3 Polymer waveguide materials have attracted increasing interest in the design of thermally operating devices, such as optical switches, optical splitters, optical attenuators and optical filters. 4,5 These devices should be designed and fabricated to achieve better performance in terms of low power consumption, low switching voltage and rapid response. The device performance is based on the thermo-optic effect of the composing material. A large thermo-optic coefficient (TOC) of a material means that a small temperature change is needed for the necessary change in refractive index, which reduces the power consumption for device operation. 6 Many thermo-optic waveguide devices have been fabricated using polymer materials because of their large TOCs, which are much greater than those of inorganic materials, such as silica (1.1 Â 10 À5 K À1 ) or lithium niobate (4 Â 10 À5 K À1 ). 6-8 Conventional poly(methyl methacrylate) has a TOC of À1.2 Â 10 À4 K À1 . The polymer TOC provides a negative sign,

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and evaluation of thermoplastic polyurethanes as thermo-optic waveguide materials

Jang

Yun

2014

Polym J

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“…For example, small amounts of hydroxyl-terminated perfluoropolyether (PFPE) (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mol %) added during polyurethane synthesis resulted in increased hydrophobicity. 10 Polydimethylsiloxane chain ends concentrate at the nanosurface (∼1 nm) and confer hydrophobicity and biodurability. 11 An alternative involves blending in a small quantity of a polyurethane with a surface active soft block to give a desired surface function.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Compositional and Nanomechanical Analysis of a Polyurethane Surface Modified with a Fluorous Oxetane Siliceous-Network Hybrid

et al. 2014

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Investigating the surface characteristics of heterogeneous polymer systems is important for understanding how to better tailor surfaces and engineering specific reactions and desirable properties. Here we report on the surface properties for a blend consisting of a major component, a linear polyurethane or thermoplastic elastomer (TPU), and a minor component that is a hybrid network. The hybrid network consists of a fluorous polyoxetane soft block and a hydrolysis/condensation inorganic (HyCoin) network. Phase separation during coating formation results in surface concentration of the minor fluorous hybrid domain. The TPU is H12MDI/BD(50)-PTMO-1000 derived from bis(cyclohexylmethylene)-diisocyanate and butane diol (50 wt %) and poly(tetramethylene oxide). Surface modification results from a novel network-forming hybrid composed of poly(trifluoroethoxymethyl-methyl oxetane) diol) (3F) as the fluorous moiety end-capped with 3-isocyanatopropylriethoxysilane and bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTESE) as a siliceous stabilizer. We use an integrated approach that combines elemental analysis of the near surface via X-ray photoelectron microscopy with surface mapping using atomic force microscopy that presents topographical and phase imaging along with nanomechanical properties. Overall, this versatile, high-resolution approach enabled unique insight into surface composition and morphology that led to a model of heterogeneous surfaces containing a range of constituents and properties.

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“…Fluorocarbon chains have been incorporated into polyurethanes by fluorinated diisocyanates (Takakura et al, 1990), chain extenders (Tan et al, 2005;Xu et al, 2012;Manvi et al, 2012), polyether glycols (Ge et al, 2009;Liu, 2010;Hwang and Kim, 2011), polyester glycols (Chen and Kuo, 2000) and end-cappers (Wang, 2007;Tan et al, 2005). However, the fluorinated polyurethane, which is prepared with monohydric fluorocarbon alcohol, is seldom reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of polyurethane with novel blocking agent

Chen

Jiang

2014

Pigment &Amp; Resin Technology

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Purpose -Fluorinated polyurethane combines some virtues of polyurethane and fluorinated polymer, such as low water absorption, attractive surface properties, good wearability and high weatherability. Fluorocarbon chains have been incorporated into polyurethanes by fluorinated diisocyanates, chain extenders, polyether glycols, polyester glycols and end-cappers. However, the fluorinated polyurethane, which is prepared with monohydric fluorocarbon alcohol, is seldom reported. The purpose of this research is to prepare and apply the novel fluorocarbon alcohols with side chain to modify polyurethane as the blocking agent. Design/methodology/approach -The novel fluorocarbon alcohol with side chain 2-methoxy-3-nonene perfluorinated oxygen propanol (MNPOP) can be prepared via alcoholysis reaction of methanol and 2,3-epoxypropyl perfluorinated nonene ether (EPPNE), which was prepared with etherification of hexafluoropropene trimer (HFPT) and 2,3-glycidol. Structures of EPPNE and MNPOP are confirmed with FTIR and NMR. The polyurethane can be modified when MNPOP is used as blocking agent. Findings -In comparison with the conventional polyurethane, the hydrophobic property of fluorinated polyurethane is improved. However, the increase of tensile strength of modified polyurethane is not obvious because MNPOP belongs to monohydric alcohol. And the function of MNPOP in the modified polyurethane is the blocking agent. The thermal stability of conventional and modified polyurethane is almost the same because MNPOP is de-blocked and fluorocarbon chains have not been incorporated into polyurethanes when the temperature is more than 1508C. Originality/value -The polyurethane is modified with the novel fluorocarbon alcohols with side chain, which functions as the blocking agent. The hydrophobic property of fluorinated polyurethane is improved.

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UV-curable low surface energy fluorinated polycarbonate-based polyurethane dispersion

Cited by 64 publications

References 39 publications

Synthesis and evaluation of thermoplastic polyurethanes as thermo-optic waveguide materials

Synthesis and evaluation of thermoplastic polyurethanes as thermo-optic waveguide materials

Integrated Compositional and Nanomechanical Analysis of a Polyurethane Surface Modified with a Fluorous Oxetane Siliceous-Network Hybrid

Modification of polyurethane with novel blocking agent

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