Utilization of Response Surface Methodology in Optimization of Polysaccharides Extraction from Vietnamese Red Ganoderma lucidum by Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic Method and Examination of Bioactivities of the Extract

Abstract

Red Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) is a popular medicinal herb commonly used in Vietnamese traditional remedies due to its potential value for health. In this study, polysaccharides were extracted from G. lucidum using ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction method. The response surface methodology and Box–Behnken design were employed to investigate the effects of pH, extraction temperature, extraction time, and ultrasonic power on the content of polysaccharides. Based on ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy analysis, the highest content of polysaccharides in the extract was 32.08 mg/g under optimum experimental parameters including enzyme concentration of 3%, pH of 5.5, extraction temperature of 45°C, extraction time of 30 min, and ultrasonic power of 480 W. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was also used to identify the functional groups in the extracts. The molecular weights of polysaccharides were determined by gel permeation chromatography. The obtained extract was then evaluated for anticancer activities by using (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, showing the anticancer activities with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration value of more than 512 μg/mL. This result suggested that UAEE could be considered as an appropriate and effective extraction method for bioactive crude polysaccharides from G. lucidum.

Application of ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic extraction to enhance triterpenoid content and the biological properties of Vietnamese Ganoderma lucidum extract

“…It can be seen that the triterpenoid content showed an upward trend with ultrasonic power increasing from 360 to 480 W and enzyme concentration rising from 2.0 to 2.5%. This result is consistent with the study conducted to extract polysaccharides from G. lucidum by UAEE (Do et al, 2021). This phenomenon could be explained that due to ultrasonic waves traveling through the liquid medium caused cavitation, the tensile cycle and successive compression were formed.…”

“…In recent years, ultrasonic‐assisted extraction has been widely used to extract triterpenoids from G. lucidum (Do et al, 2021; Shen et al, 2020). However, ultrasound in different solvents also affects the content of active ingredients in plants.…”

Optimizing crystal plasticity model parameters via machine learning-based optimization algorithms

“…The response surface methodology (RSM) is a frequently used mathematical model to analyze the response of interest [15]. RSM aims to accurately predict the response variables given an unknown set of explanatory variables.…”

Polysaccharides from Basidiocarps of the Polypore Fungus Ganoderma resinaceum: Isolation and Structure

“…Here, multiple extractions are often used under moderate to high conditions to gradually destroy the cell walls from the periphery to the inside and thus obtain polysaccharide fractions with different solubility [18]. In addition to the above, recently, several advanced methods, such as hot compressed water, subcritical or two-phase extraction, microwave heating, ultrasound, enzymes, and their combinations have been used to more effectively destroy cell walls and thus increase the yield of fungal polysaccharides [39][40][41][42][43][44][45].…”