Utilization of novel self-nanoemulsifying formulations (SNEFs) loaded paclitaxel for the treatment prosperity of bladder cancer

Abstract

Background: Limited drug penetration into solid tumors has been one of the potential causes of resistance to chemotherapy for the treatment of bladder cancer. The aim of the study is to develop non-toxic self-nanoemulsifying formulations (SNEFs) of paclitaxel and to evaluate their ability to serve as a tool increasing the stability and solubility of paclitaxel in formulations utilizing the drug intravesical administration. Methods:Various oil-in-water non-toxic self-nanoemulsifying formulations (SNEFs) were developed using Cremercoor MCT, Kollisolv MCT, Miglyol 812, 810, Capmul MCM, Imwitor 988, Imwitor 742 with TO106V, Tween 85, HCO30, Kolliphor EL and Cremophor RH40 at size ranges from approximately 19 to 110 nm that are capable of enhancing the solubility and stability of paclitaxel. Visual assessment and droplet size measurements were taken into initial consideration for optimised SNEFs. Paclitaxel was added with the oil/surfactant mixture before dispersing the mixture in water to form SNEF. The cytotoxicity of the optimal SNEFs was compared with the raw paclitaxel dispersion in vitro. Results: Initial characterisation and solubility studies showed that mixed glycerides of Kollisolv MCT/Imwitor 742 with water-soluble surfactant (high HLB) containing formulations generated highly efficient SNEFs as they are stable and produced lower nanodroplets with higher drug loading. The results have demonstrated that the SNEFs have good ability to retain its characteristics under conditions similar to that found in the urinary bladder up to 48 hours. However, the results also showed that chemosensitivity of cancer cells exposed to paclitaxel was attenuated in the presence of SNEFs. Larger size SNEFs have shown to induce more inhibitory effects on paclitaxel activity. Conclusion: optimised SNEFs have demonstrated the ability to enhance the solubility of paclitaxel with stable construction of SNEFs under variable physiological conditions. The reduction of the efficacy of SNEF-loaded paclitaxel indicates a strong encapsulation of the drug within the nano-carriers causing limitation in drug release. Such drug encapsulation may facilitate the penetration due to reduced cellular metabolism the drug. Further investigations are warranted.

Mucoadhesive Emulsion Microgels for Intravesical Drug Delivery: Preparation, Retention at Urothelium, and Biodistribution Study

“…Particular attention is paid to emulsion systems intended for intravesical drug delivery due to their ability to immobilize both hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules. − Mucoadhesive emulsions are of increasing interest given the combination of properties which are beneficial for intravesical drug delivery. − In our study, mucoadhesive emulsion microgels were prepared on the basis of a naturally derived component, whey protein isolate (WPI), which is a byproduct of whey in cheese production . WPI is being extensively studied as a hydrogel material for biomedical applications. − Moreover, WPI can be used as an emulsifier and stabilizer to produce oil-in-water emulsions. − The ultrasonication used for homogenization of emulsions promotes not only the emulsion formation but also the gelification of the WPI protein shell due to the WPI denaturation and the formation of a three-dimensional hydrogel network .…”

Effect and mechanism of paclitaxel loaded on magnetic Fe 3 O 4 @mSiO 2 -NH 2 -FA nanocomposites to MCF-7 cells

“…Currently, new dosage forms of PTX mainly include emulsions (Li et al., 2022a ), micelles (Abdallah et al., 2020 ), precursor drugs (Al-Hilfi & Walker, 2022 ), inclusion compounds, liposomes (Duan et al., 2022 ), nanoparticles (Gulsu et al., 2022 ; Chen et al., 2022b ; Li et al., 2022c ), and drug-releasing scaffolds (Obayemi et al., 2020 ). PTX nanoemulsion has many advantages, such as improved therapeutic effects, reduced side effects, maintained drug activity, and enhanced cell uptake and biological activity; however, their effectiveness and safety remain to be confirmed.…”