Utilization of n-Hexane as Co-solvent to Increase Biodiesel Yield on Direct Transesterification Reaction from Marine Microalgae

Dianursanti,; Religia, Pijar; Wijanarko, Anondho

doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2015.01.059

Cited by 56 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It is reported that the direct (in-situ) transesterification, which of the oil extraction and biodiesel conversion, is one of the most common methods to produce biodiesel. However, the reaction conditions still require being optimized, especially on lipid extraction and transesterification reaction in direct transesterification process (Dianursanti et al, 2015). In recent years, co-solvent utilization was considered as one of several methods to improve the yield in the direct transesterification reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel production by direct transesterification of microalgal biomass with co-solvent

Zhang

et al. 2015

Bioresource Technology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel production by direct transesterification of microalgal biomass with co-solvent

Zhang

et al. 2015

Bioresource Technology

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“…This result is in line with a study on Nannochloropsis sp. microalgae direct transesterification by [5]. Yield of biodiesel is increase when the reaction time up to 4 hours.…”

Section: Effect Of Microalgae Condition To Total Lipid Extractedmentioning

confidence: 98%

Biodiesel synthesis optimization from wet and dry based microalgae chlorella vulgaris by reaction time arrangement

Dianursanti

Putri

Religia

et al. 2018

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Abstract. Microalgae have the potential to be used as the raw material for biodiesel synthesis. One of promising microalgae species to be used is Chlorella vulgaris. However, in the process of biodiesel synthesis from microalgae needs to be optimized. In this study, optimization of biodiesel synthesis from wet and dry based microalgae Chlorella vulgaris has been studied. Optimization done by arranges the time of transesterification reaction. Transesterification reaction has been done using KOH catalyst. The reaction time was varied at 20, 40, and 60 minutes. From the results, the highest yields of biodiesel are obtained on the 40 minutes reaction time with biodiesel yield is 75% for wet based microalgae and 62.8% for dry based microalgae. Biodiesel from dry based microalgae Chlorella vulgaris composed by several types of FAME, including saturated FAME such as methyl myristate (4.48%), methyl palmitate (28.3%), and methyl stearate (17.1%), and also composed by unsaturated FAME such as methyl palmitoleate (11.1%) and methyl oleate (39.1%). IntroductionBiodiesel is biofuel composed by monoalkyl esters derived from organic oils from plants or animals through transesterification process [1]. Several feed stocks from plants commonly used to produce biodiesel such as corn, soybean, peanut, canola, rapeseed, castor, karanj (Pongamia pinnata), coconut, oil palm, and microalgae. However, microalgae are the highest oil producer compared with other feed stocks. Based on [2], microalgae are able to produce 58.700-136.900 L of oil per hectare area. Moreover, microalgae are also doesn't compete with food needs. Therefore, microalgae will become very potential to be used as the main raw material for biodiesel production. In addition, microalgae are fairly easy to be developed in Indonesia due to its tropical climate. One of microalgae species that exist in Indonesia is Chlorella vulgaris. Chlorella vulgaris has lipid content about 5-58 wt% [3]. Due to its lipid content, Chlorella vulgaris are promising to be used as raw material of biodiesel production.In the process of biodiesel production from microalgae, initial condition of microalgae is one of the influential factors. All this time, dry based microalgae are usually used to produce biodiesel. However, drying process of microalgae takes a long time and may damage the lipid content of microalgae. Meanwhile, by using wet based microalgae, the water content that remain in the extracted lipid may cause an increase of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) values. This condition will results saponification reaction which able to inhibit transesterification process. However, wet based microalgae can be used for insitu transesterification methods. By using in-situ transesterification, lipid extraction process can be removed.

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“…The two types of methyl ester detected in the highest amount from N. oculata are methyl linoleate (46.24%) and methyl palmitate (29.45%) while those from C. vulgaris are methyl palmitate (56.41%) and methyl linoleate (33.40%). For N. oculata, a previous research which analyzed its biodiesel composition stated that the two methyl esters present with the highest amount are methyl oleate (63.8%) and methyl palmitoleate (26.77%) [15]. This difference may be the result of various growth factors such as different nutritional and environmental factors, cultivation conditions, and growth phases which may result in different fatty acid composition produced by microalgae [2] and therefore result in different methyl ester composition.…”

Section: Composition Of Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel synthesis from nannochloropsis oculata and chlorella vulgaris through transesterification process using NaOH/zeolite heterogeneous catalyst

Dianursanti

Sistiafi

Putri

2018

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Abstract. Microalgae are promising sources of biofuel due to its production capacity of lipid that can be utilized as raw material for biodiesel production, especially Nannochloropsis oculata and Chlorella vulgaris. The lipid produced can be converted into biodiesel through transesterification reaction using homogenous or heterogeneous catalysts. Heterogeneous catalysts are more advantageous than homogeneous catalysts due to its solid form that eases the separation of catalysts from the products. In this research, NaOH/zeolite heterogeneous catalyst is utilized with varying Na loadings in the zeolite to observe its effect towards the yield of biodiesel produced from N. oculata and C. vulgaris. The best result was obtained with Na loading concentration of 20.5%. The biodiesel yields obtained from the lipids are 83.5% from N. oculata and 98% from C. vulgaris. The biodiesels contain 47.15% of saturated fatty acid methyl esters from N. oculata and 56.41% from C. vulgaris.

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Utilization of n-Hexane as Co-solvent to Increase Biodiesel Yield on Direct Transesterification Reaction from Marine Microalgae

Cited by 56 publications

References 7 publications

Biodiesel production by direct transesterification of microalgal biomass with co-solvent

Biodiesel production by direct transesterification of microalgal biomass with co-solvent

Biodiesel synthesis optimization from wet and dry based microalgae chlorella vulgaris by reaction time arrangement

Biodiesel synthesis from nannochloropsis oculata and chlorella vulgaris through transesterification process using NaOH/zeolite heterogeneous catalyst

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