Utility of the Personality Assessment Inventory for Detecting Malingered ADHD in College Students

Musso, Mandi W.; Hill, Benjamin D.; Barker, Alyse A.; Pella, Russell D.; Gouvier, Wm. Drew

doi:10.1177/1087054714548031

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…In some studies, the target condition was adjusted to students by using diagnoses more familiar to them, such as ADHD (e.g. Musso et al, 2016). Other studies investigated the influence of different student-related benefits on the way students fabricate the ADHD claims (e.g.…”

Section: Do Motives Matter? a Comparison Between Positive And Negative Incentives In Students' Willingness To Malingermentioning

confidence: 99%

Do motives matter? A comparison between positive and negative incentives in students’ willingness to malinger

Bošković

2019

Educational Psychology

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The educational system today often relies on incentives in order to motivate students. However, it might also encourage students to engage in deceptive behaviour (e.g. malingering) in order to reach certain benefits. Hereby, we investigated whether students would intentionally fabricate symptoms (i.e. malinger) when confronted with a positive academic benefit (gaining recommendation letter, n ¼ 88), or when given a negative incentive scenario that could be avoided by malingering (n ¼ 88). Groups did not differ in: (i) their motivation to malinger; (ii) symptom choice, nor in (iii) the reporting strategy. Overall, 94% of students would, to a varying degree, malinger. Fever, dizziness/nausea, and indigestion/diarrhoea were the most frequently chosen symptoms and providing elaborative symptoms descriptions was students' dominant malingering strategy.

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Section: Do Motives Matter? a Comparison Between Positive And Negative Incentives In Students' Willingness To Malingermentioning

confidence: 99%

Do motives matter? A comparison between positive and negative incentives in students’ willingness to malinger

Bošković

2019

Educational Psychology

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“…Thus self‐report measures, such as the PAI, may be susceptible to efforts to feign ADHD (Musso, Hill, Barker, Pella, & Gouvier, ). These previous studies have found that the symptoms of ADHD can be easily feigned, especially when symptoms are assessed with self‐report measures (Booksh et al., ; Musso et al., ; Sollman et al., ). Although some of the items on the PAI may appear to have high face validity for ADHD symptoms, this is comparable to the high face validity associated with ADHD self‐report measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research has listed several reasons clients may feign ADHD symptoms, such as to receive testing accommodations (e.g., extra time on exams) or stimulant medications (Booksh, Pella, Singh, & Gouvier, 2010;Sollman, Ranseen, & Berry, 2010). Thus self-report measures, such as the PAI, may be susceptible to efforts to feign ADHD (Musso, Hill, Barker, Pella, & Gouvier, 2016). These previous studies have found that the symptoms of ADHD can be easily feigned, especially when symptoms are assessed with self-report measures (Booksh et al, 2010;Musso et al, 2016;Sollman et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross‐validation of PAI scales for the detection of suspected ADHD in adults

Lancaster

Liljequist

2018

J Clin Psychol

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The purpose of this study was to cross-validate scales and subscales of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) identified in previously published research against criterion variables for the identification of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults. Performance-based indicators of attention deficits from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition were used as criterion variables. In a hierarchical logistic regression analysis, the addition of the PAI scales to the criterion variables did significantly improve the fit of the model, with an overall classification accuracy of 75%. Limitations of this study and implications for future research are discussed.

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“…Efforts made to detect feigned ADHD have gone beyond self-report measures and clinical interviews to examine the utility of personality inventories (Aita, Sofko, Hill, Musso, & Boettcher, 2017;Butcher, 2009;Morey, 1991;Musso, Hill, Barker, Pella, & Gouvier, 2016;Smith, Cox, Mowle, & Edens, 2017;Young & Gross, 2011), cognitive tests as they are employed in routine neuropsychological examinations (Conners et al, 2000;Fuermaier et al, 2018;Morey, 2016Morey, , 2017Quinn, 2003;Suhr, Sullivan, & Rodriguez, 2011), as well as symptom validity tests developed specifically to uncover feigned cognitive impairment (Edmundson et al, 2017;Fuermaier, Tucha, Koerts, Aschenbrenner, & Tucha, 2017a ;Green, 2003Green, , 2008Leppma, Long, Smith, & Lassiter, 2017) in detecting simulated ADHD. While these efforts have yielded promising results, evidence warranting the use of any single instrument in the detection of aggravated or simulated symptoms is yet lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS-2) in detecting feigned adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Becke

Fuermaier

Buehren

et al. 2019

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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Introduction: The Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS-2) utilizes various strategies in the detection of simulated psychiatric disorders. The present study aimed to examine which of these strategies proves most useful in uncovering feigned attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood. Method: One-hundred seventy-one individuals instructed to feign ADHD were compared to 46 genuine patients with ADHD as well as 99 neurotypical controls in their reports provided on the SIRS-2. Results: Responses provided by simulators resembled those of genuine patients with ADHD on all SIRS-2 subscales with the exception of a supplementary scale tapping Overly Specified symptom reports, where a moderate effect emerged (d = 0.88). Classification accuracy remained low, with particularly poor sensitivity (sensitivity = 19.30%). Sensitivity was higher when the decision rules postulated in the first edition SIRS were applied instead of its successor's decision model, yet this increase in sensitivity came at the price of unacceptably low specificity. Conclusion: The present results call for a disorder-specific instrument for the detection of simulated ADHD and offer starting points for the development of such a tool.

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Utility of the Personality Assessment Inventory for Detecting Malingered ADHD in College Students

Abstract: Individuals who were asked to simulate ADHD easily manipulate the PAI; however, alternative cutoff scores proposed for PAI validity indices may improve the detection of feigned ADHD symptoms.

Cited by 24 publications

References 43 publications

Do motives matter? A comparison between positive and negative incentives in students’ willingness to malinger

Do motives matter? A comparison between positive and negative incentives in students’ willingness to malinger

Cross‐validation of PAI scales for the detection of suspected ADHD in adults

Utility of the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS-2) in detecting feigned adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

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