Ustilago Violacea, Anther Smut of the Caryophyllaceae

Day, Alan W.; Garber, E. D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-033706-4.50034-7

Cited by 34 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…When the dikaryotic parasitic mycelium grows into the stamens of a flower, teliospores replace pollen in the anthers (Thrall et al 1993). As spores mature in the anther sacs, karyogamy marks the start of the diploid phase (Day and Garber 1988). In dioecious host species, infection of female plants causes a morphological sex change; ovaries are aborted and staminal rudiments develop into stamens that bear spore-filled anthers (Day and Garber 1988;Thrall et al 1993), a process that is induced by the fungus (Audran and Batcho 1981;Scutt et al 1997).…”

Section: Anther Smutsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As spores mature in the anther sacs, karyogamy marks the start of the diploid phase (Day and Garber 1988). In dioecious host species, infection of female plants causes a morphological sex change; ovaries are aborted and staminal rudiments develop into stamens that bear spore-filled anthers (Day and Garber 1988;Thrall et al 1993), a process that is induced by the fungus (Audran and Batcho 1981;Scutt et al 1997). The teliospores are dispersed by the natural insect visitors of the host plant, which serve the dual role of pollinators of healthy plants and vectors of this sexually transmitted disease (Jennersten 1983).…”

Section: Anther Smutsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Intraspecific Competition and Mating Between Fungal Strains of the Anther Smut Microbotryum Violaceum From the Host Plants Silene Latifolia and S. Dioica

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. We studied intraspecific competition and assortative mating between strains of the anther smut fungus Microbotryum violaceum from two of its host species, Silene latifolia and S. dioica. Specifically, we investigated whether strains from allopatric host populations have higher competitive ability on their native host species and show positive assortative mating. In general, strains isolated from S. latifolia outcompeted strains isolated from S. dioica on both host species, but in female hosts, heterotypic dikaryons (i.e., dikaryons composed of a haploid strain originating from S. latifolia and a haploid strain originating from S. dioica) were most successful in competition. Furthermore, the latency period was significantly shorter for heterokaryons that contained at least one strain originating from S. latifolia, compared to heterokaryons that only contained strains originating from S. dioica. The frequencies of conjugations between strains originating from S. latifolia were much higher than conjugation frequencies between strains originating from S. dioica. A significant positive correlation was detected between the relative success of strains in competition and in conjugation, suggesting that success of a strain in competition might be partly determined by its swiftness of mating. In addition, reciprocal differences within heterotypic crosses revealed a significant effect of fungal mating type, with mating type a 1 being the main determinant of mating pace. The observed differences in infection success, conjugation rate, and latency period in favor of strains from S. latifolia relative to strains from S. dioica on both host species are discussed in an evolutionary context of opportunities for the maintenance of differentiation between different formae speciales upon secondary contact.Key words. Competition success, conjugation, formae speciales, mating success, mating type, smut fungus.Received December 19, 2001. Accepted December 26, 2002 Plant parasites are often capable of infecting more than one host species and show intraspecific variation in host use. Understanding the origin and maintenance of such variation and the conditions under which this may lead to host race formation and speciation are central questions in evolutionary biology. Differences in performance of pathogens on different host species and positive assortative mating are expected to play an active role in processes of divergence between strains or in the maintenance of host related differentiation.

show abstract

Section: Anther Smutsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anther Smutsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific Competition and Mating Between Fungal Strains of the Anther Smut Microbotryum Violaceum From the Host Plants Silene Latifolia and S. Dioica

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…During conjugation of M. violaceum, cells of the opposite mating type develop a conjugation tube or a bridge between them. Recognition of opposite mating type cells seems to be established by long fine hairs or fimbriae (Day and Garber, 1988), which are structures composed of collagen, carbohydrate, and RNA (Celerin and Day, 1998). M. violaceum fimbriae are not essential for cell pairing but may be involved in later stages of conjugation including development and direction of conjugation tube growth toward opposite mating type cells.…”

Section: The Genetics Of Mating: Two B or Not To Bementioning

confidence: 99%

“…violaceum has a bipolar mating type locus which acts as a "developmental master switch" controlling the entry into several pathways, including vegetative budding, conjugation, dikaryotic filamentation, and sporulation (Day and Garber, 1988). Mating type alleles a1 and a2 remain inactive at high temperatures (20 -30°C) or in the presence of cations, such that cells continue to bud vegetatively under these conditions (Day, 1979).…”

Section: The Genetics Of Mating: Two B or Not To Bementioning

confidence: 99%

The Ustilaginales as Plant Pests and Model Systems

Martínez-Espinoza

García-Pedrajas

Gold

2002

Fungal Genetics and Biology

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…In 32% of the populations, S. latifolia was also infected by the specialist pathogen M. violaceum. Population biology and genetics of this heterothallic fungus have been extensively studied (reviews in Day & Garber 1988;Alexander et al 1996). Infection results in the early abortion of ovaries (and hence of seeds and seed capsules) and prevents pollen production in the anthers, in which the fungus produces teliospores that are florally transmitted by pollinating insects ( Jennersten 1983).…”

Section: (A) Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A plant pathogen reduces the enemy–free space of an insect herbivore on a shared host plant

Biere

Elzinga²,

Honders³

et al. 2002

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An important mechanism in stabilizing tightly linked host-parasitoid and prey-predator interactions is the presence of refuges that protect organisms from their natural enemies. However, the presence and quality of refuges can be strongly affected by the environment. We show that infection of the host plant Silene latifolia by its specialist fungal plant pathogen Microbotryum violaceum dramatically alters the enemy-free space of a herbivore, the specialist noctuid seed predator Hadena bicruris, on their shared host plant. The pathogen arrests the development of seed capsules that serve as refuges for the herbivore's offspring against the specialist parasitoid Microplitis tristis, a major source of mortality of H. bicruris in the field. Pathogen infection resulted both in lower host-plant food quality, causing reduced adult emergence, and in twofold higher rates of parasitism of the herbivore. We interpret the strong oviposition preference of H. bicruris for uninfected plants in the field as an adaptive response, positioning offspring on refuge-rich, high-quality hosts. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that plant-inhabiting micro-organisms can affect higher trophic interactions through alteration of host refuge quality. We speculate that such interference can potentially destabilize tightly linked multitrophic interactions.

show abstract

Ustilago Violacea, Anther Smut of the Caryophyllaceae

Cited by 34 publications

References 48 publications

Intraspecific Competition and Mating Between Fungal Strains of the Anther Smut Microbotryum Violaceum From the Host Plants Silene Latifolia and S. Dioica

Intraspecific Competition and Mating Between Fungal Strains of the Anther Smut Microbotryum Violaceum From the Host Plants Silene Latifolia and S. Dioica

The Ustilaginales as Plant Pests and Model Systems

A plant pathogen reduces the enemy–free space of an insect herbivore on a shared host plant

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About