“…In this sense, it is important to coordinate wheat stages of high nitrogen demand with the applications of N (amount, ratio, and type of N fertilizer), as well as sustainable alternatives (e. g. bacterial inoculants) according to the requirements of N during the growth period. Also, adequate fractionation of N fertilization is necessary to improve N assimilation rates and grain quality ( González-Figueroa et al, 2022 ). For example, at post-anthesis carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis contributes 60–90 % to the final single-spike yield; on the other hand, flag-leaf photosynthesis contributes 30–50 % of grain-filling assimilation in wheat ( DING et al, 2022 ).…”