Using trajectory models to assess the effect of hydrocodone upscheduling among chronic hydrocodone users

Abstract

The upscheduling of hydrocodone led to reductions in opioid use, which were concentrated among a small subset of chronic hydrocodone users, without evidence of commensurate increases in the use of alternative pharmacologic pain treatments.

Competitive effects of federal and state opioid restrictions: Evidence from the controlled substance laws

“…The tramadol scheduling law is thus a unique case as it was first enacted at the state level and then at the federal level, in identical form. 3 Previous descriptive research suggests that federal up-scheduling of HCPs is associated with decreases in its prescribing (Jones et al, 2016;Bernhardt et al, 2016;Fleming et al, 2017;Gudin and Lee, 2013;Murimi et al, 2019;Northrup et al, 2019); a similar finding occurs in the first economic study of HCPs' up-scheduling (Beheshti, 2019), which finds improved labor market conditions in areas with baseline high intensity of HCP reliance. However, there is no study to date that examines the spillover hypothesis to the closest competitor, tramadol.…”

Competitive Effects of Federal and State Opioid Restrictions: Evidence from the Controlled Substance Laws

“…The tramadol scheduling law is thus a unique case as it was first enacted at the state level and then at the federal level, in identical form. 3 Previous descriptive research suggests that federal up-scheduling of HCPs is associated with decreases in its prescribing (Jones et al, 2016;Bernhardt et al, 2016;Fleming et al, 2017;Gudin and Lee, 2013;Murimi et al, 2019;Northrup et al, 2019); a similar finding occurs in the first economic study of HCPs' up-scheduling (Beheshti, 2019), which finds improved labor market conditions in areas with baseline high intensity of HCP reliance. However, there is no study to date that examines the spillover hypothesis to the closest competitor, tramadol.…”

Comparing Continuous and Binary Group-based Trajectory Modeling Using Statin Medication Adherence Data

“…In a literature review updated in January 2021, 58 English-language peer-reviewed studies using GBTM to evaluate medication adherence and other medication utilization behaviors were identified; 43 used binary GBTM and 15 used continuous GBTM (see Appendix 2, Supplemental Digital Content 2, http://links.lww.com/MLR/C327, for further details). Besides studies where binary GBTM was the only option given how medication utilization was measured,14–17,22–28 very few studies provided a reasoned argument for choosing continuous versus binary GBTM 7–9,12,13…”

“…In a literature review updated in January 2021, 58 English-language peer-reviewed studies using GBTM to evaluate medication adherence and other medication utilization behaviors were identified; 43 used binary GBTM and 15 used continuous GBTM (see Appendix 2, Supplemental Digital Content 2, http://links.lww.com/MLR/C327, for further details). Besides studies where binary GBTM was the only option given how medication utilization was measured, [14][15][16][17][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] very few studies provided a reasoned argument for choosing continuous versus binary GBTM. [7][8][9]12,13 Therefore, using our previously described approach to select a final GBTM specification, 18 our objectives were to assess whether GBTM using continuous versus binary models: (1) impacts the shape of adherence trajectories; and (2) results in the differential classification of patients into adherence groups.…”