Using the Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans To Predict Mammalian Acute Lethality To Metallic Salts

Williams, Phillip L.; Dusenbery, David B.

doi:10.1177/074823378800400406

Cited by 193 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Mixed populations of C. elegans were cultured in K-Plus medium (Anderson et al, 2004;Williams and Dusenbery, 1988) at 20°C for 4 days. Metal salts were then added singly to the nematode cultures at the following final concentrations: 100 M sodium arsenite, 100 M cadmium chloride, 100 M cobalt chloride hexahydrate, 100 M chromium oxide, 100 M copper sulfate, 25 M mercury chloride, 100 M nickel sulfate hexahydrate and 100 M zinc sulfate heptahydrate.…”

Section: Growth and Treatment Of C Elegansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization ofnumr-1andnumr-2: genes that increase both resistance to metal-induced stress and lifespan inCaenorhabditis elegans

Tvermoes

Boyd

Freedman

2010

Journal of Cell Science

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SummaryTo define the mechanisms involved in the molecular response to the carcinogenic metal cadmium, two novel metal-inducible genes from C. elegans were characterized: numr-1 and numr-2 (nuclear localized metal responsive). numr-1 and numr-2 sequences and cellular patterns of expression are identical, indicating that these are functionally equivalent genes. Constitutive transcription of numr-1 and numr-2 is developmentally regulated and occurs in the intestine, in head and tail neurons, and vulva muscles. Exposure to metals induces numr-1 and numr-2 transcription in pharyngeal and intestinal cells. Other environmental stressors do not affect transcription, indicating that these are metal-specific, stress-responsive genes. NUMR-1 and NUMR-2 target to nuclei and colocalize with HSF-1, suggesting that they may be components of nuclear stress granules. Nematodes overexpressing NUMR-1 and NUMR-2 are resistant to stress and live longer than control animals; likewise reducing expression increases sensitivity to metals and decreases neuromuscular functions. Upstream regulatory regions of both genes contain potential binding sites for DAF-16 and SKN-1, which are components of the insulin-IGF-like signaling pathway. This pathway regulates longevity and stress responses in C. elegans. NUMR-1 and NUMR-2 may function to promote resistance to environmental stressors and longevity, which is mediated by the insulin-IGF-like signaling pathway.Key words: C. elegans, Cadmium, Stress response, Lifespan, LongevityJournal of Cell Science increase in the steady-state mRNA level following a 24-hour cadmium exposure (Cui et al., 2007). A second C. elegans gene, originally designated F08F8.1, was subsequently identified based on sequence identity. These genes are now designated numr-1 and numr-2 (nuclear localized metal responsive), respectively.In the present report, the genomic organization, in vivo cellular patterns of expression, effects of transition metals and other stressors on transcription, and phenotypes associated with increased and decreased expression of numr-1 and numr-2 are presented. Phenotypes associated with these genes include changes in neuromuscular activities, as well as increased resistance to metal toxicity and increased lifespan. Results Sequence analysis of numr-1 and numr-2numr-1 and numr-2 were located less than 1 kb apart in a divergent orientation on chromosome III (Fig. 1). numr-1 mRNA was predicted to be encoded by a single exon. By contrast, numr-2 mRNA was predicted to be encoded by five exons, the first of which was ~99% identical to the numr-1 exon. Sequences of the full-length mRNAs and the exon arrangement for numr-1 and numr-2 were determined using 3Ј-and 5Ј-RACE. The sequence of the 3Ј-end of numr-1 was consistent with that reported in WormBase (version WS201). Using 3Ј RACE, however, cDNAs from predicted exons 2-5 of numr-2 were not isolated. This suggested that numr-2 was annotated incorrectly and that it also was a single exon gene. Sequences for the 5Ј-ends of numr-1 and numr-2 were 100% iden...

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Section: Growth and Treatment Of C Elegansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization ofnumr-1andnumr-2: genes that increase both resistance to metal-induced stress and lifespan inCaenorhabditis elegans

Tvermoes

Boyd

Freedman

2010

Journal of Cell Science

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“…The worms were cultured on K agar (pH 6.5), which contains (per liter of deionized water) potassium chloride (2.36 g), sodium chloride (3.0 g), Bacto Peptone (2.5 g; BBL/Difco, Sparks, Md. ), and agar (17.0 g) (34). The basal medium was sterilized by autoclaving at 121°C for 15 min, cooled to 47 to 50°C, and supplemented with a solution of (per liter of deionized water) 95% cholesterol (1.0 g; Aldrich, Milwaukee, Wis.), calcium chloride (11.1 g), and magnesium sulfate (24.7 g).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ingestion of Salmonella enterica Serotype Poona by a Free-Living Nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans , and Protection against Inactivation by Produce Sanitizers

Caldwell

Adler

Anderson

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Free-living nematodes are known to ingest food-borne pathogens and may serve as vectors to contaminate preharvest fruits and vegetables. Caenorhabditis elegans was selected as a model to study the effectiveness of sanitizers in killing Salmonella enterica serotype Poona ingested by free-living nematodes. Aqueous suspensions of adult worms that had fed on S. enterica serotype Poona were treated with produce sanitizers. Treatment with 20 g of free chlorine/ml significantly (␣ ‫؍‬ 0.05) reduced the population of S. enterica serotype Poona compared to results for treating worms with water (control). However, there was no significant difference in the number of S. enterica serotype Poona cells surviving treatments with 20 to 500 g of chlorine/ml, suggesting that reductions caused by treatment with 20 g of chlorine/ml resulted from inactivation of S. enterica serotype Poona on the surface of C. elegans but not cells protected by the worm cuticle after ingestion. Treatment with Sanova (850 or 1,200 g/ml), an acidified sodium chlorite sanitizer, caused reductions of 5.74 and 6.34 log 10 CFU/worm, respectively, compared to reductions from treating worms with water. Treatment with 20 or 40 g of Tsunami 200/ml, a peroxyacetic acid-based sanitizer, resulted in reductions of 4.83 and 5.34 log 10 CFU/ worm, respectively, compared to numbers detected on or in worms treated with water. Among the organic acids evaluated at a concentration of 2%, acetic acid was the least effective in killing S. enterica serotype Poona and lactic acid was the most effective. Treatment with up to 500 g of chlorine/ml, 1% hydrogen peroxide, 2,550 g of Sanova/ml, 40 g of Tsunami 200/ml, or 2% acetic, citric, or lactic acid had no effect on the viability or reproductive behavior of C. elegans. Treatments were also applied to cantaloupe rind and lettuce inoculated with S. enterica serotype Poona or C. elegans that had ingested S. enterica serotype Poona. Protection of ingested S. enterica serotype Poona against sanitizers applied to cantaloupe was not evident; however, ingestion afforded protection of the pathogen on lettuce. These results indicate that S. enterica serotype Poona ingested by C. elegans may be protected against treatment with chlorine and other sanitizers, although the basis for this protection remains unclear.

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“…Quality KO and modified capacity transformations are as a rule accessible from the Gene Knockout Consortium or the National BioResource Project of Japan (as of now 1/3 of the 20,000 add up to qualities in C. elegans) [14,4] or on the other hand are advantageously created utilizing chemicals, radiations, or transposons (examined underneath under Caenorhabditis elegans and Genotoxicity). Thus, traditional ways to deal with clarify intracellular pathways in C. elegans incorporate forward and modifier screens taking after arbitrary mutagenesis [60][61][62][63][64]. At long last C. elegans is managable to sexual orientation control (conceivable era of guys, feminized guys, masculinized bisexuals, or feminized bisexuals) allowing thinks about on sex specificity systems of neurotoxicants or scatters and "revival" by driving improvement through the peaceful dauer larval stage [65].…”

Section: Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovering Capacity in Novel Targets: C. Elegans as a Model Life Form in Toxicological Research

Ac¹,

Costa²,

Tec³

et al. 2017

J Clinic Toxicol

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The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has risen as a critical creature show in different fields including neurobiology, formative science, and hereditary qualities. Qualities of this creature demonstrate that have added to its prosperity incorporate its hereditary manipulability, invariant and completely depicted formative program, all around portrayed genome, simplicity of support, short and productive life cycle, and little body estimate. These same elements have prompted to an expanding utilization of C. elegans in toxicology, both for robotic reviews and highthroughput screening approaches. We depict a portion of the exploration that has been completed in the territories of neurotoxicology, hereditary toxicology, and ecological toxicology, and additionally high-throughput tries different things with C. elegans including all inclusive screening for sub-atomic focuses of harmfulness and fast danger evaluation for new chemicals. We contend for an expanded part for C. elegans in supplementing other model frameworks in toxicological research.

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Using the Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans To Predict Mammalian Acute Lethality To Metallic Salts

Cited by 193 publications

References 14 publications

Molecular characterization ofnumr-1andnumr-2: genes that increase both resistance to metal-induced stress and lifespan inCaenorhabditis elegans

Molecular characterization ofnumr-1andnumr-2: genes that increase both resistance to metal-induced stress and lifespan inCaenorhabditis elegans

Ingestion of Salmonella enterica Serotype Poona by a Free-Living Nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans , and Protection against Inactivation by Produce Sanitizers

Discovering Capacity in Novel Targets: C. Elegans as a Model Life Form in Toxicological Research

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