Using Item Response Theory to Develop Revised (SSOSH-7) and Ultra-Brief (SSOSH-3) Self-Stigma of Seeking Help Scales

Brenner, Rachel E.; Colvin, Kimberly F.; Hammer, Joseph H.; Vogel, David L.

doi:10.1177/1073191120958496

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Help-seeking public stigma, however, was not significantly associated with the help-seeking outcome variables, after controlling for help-seeking self-stigma. This finding is consistent with past research showing that self-stigma fully mediated the effect of public stigma on help-seeking attitudes and intention (Bird et al, 2020; Brenner et al, 2021; Held & Owens, 2013; Karaffa & Hancock, 2019; Karaffa & Koch, 2016; Lannin et al, 2015; Vally et al, 2018; Vogel et al, 2006; Wade et al, 2015). Results supported the speculation that help-seeking self-stigma exerts the core effect on affecting help-seeking attitudes and intention (e.g., Vogel et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Associations between public and self-stigma of help-seeking with help-seeking attitudes and intention: A meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach.

Yu¹,

Chio²,

Chan³

et al. 2022

Journal of Counseling Psychology

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The present study examined the association between help-seeking public stigma and help-seeking self-stigma (i.e., internalization of stigma) and the relative association of both types of stigma with help-seeking attitude and intention using a full-information meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach. We also investigated the moderating effect of gender, age, collectivism, and social group in the internalization process. Results from 115 independent samples containing data from 54,793 individuals showed that public stigma of help-seeking was strongly and positively associated with self-stigma of help-seeking. Moreover, after controlling for the effect of each other, self-stigma, but not public stigma, remained significantly associated with help-seeking attitude and help-seeking intention. Gender, age, collectivism, and social group did not significantly moderate the association between public and self-stigma. The findings highlight that people who perceive more stigma of help-seeking from others tend to have higher levels of self-stigma. Compared with help-seeking public stigma, help-seeking self-stigma might have a larger impact on one’s help-seeking attitude and intention. Help-seeking promotion campaigns should be devised to tackle both types of stigma to foster positive help-seeking attitude and intention.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Associations between public and self-stigma of help-seeking with help-seeking attitudes and intention: A meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach.

Yu¹,

Chio²,

Chan³

et al. 2022

Journal of Counseling Psychology

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“…Thus, to continue to work toward equitable access, a more rigorous understanding of rural cultural belief systems that may limit cancer survivors’ openness to receiving high-quality psychosocial support is needed. Instruments are available that differentiate barriers [ 32 , 38 , 53 ]; however, these tools were not developed specifically with rural populations; thus, customization to illuminate rural-specific barriers may be needed. As such, researchers may consider amending instruments by including questions specific to rural populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-reliance, Social Norms, and Self-stigma as Barriers to Psychosocial Help-Seeking Among Rural Cancer Survivors With Cancer-Related Distress: Qualitative Interview Study

DeGuzman¹,

Vogel²,

Bernacchi³

et al. 2022

JMIR Form Res

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Background Even when technology allows rural cancer survivors to connect with supportive care providers from a distance, uptake of psychosocial referrals is low. Fewer than one-third of participants in a telemedicine intervention for identifying rural survivors with high distress and connecting them with care accepted psychosocial referral. Objective The purpose of this research was to examine the reasons for which rural cancer survivors did not accept a psychosocial referral. Methods We utilized a qualitative design to address the research purpose. We interviewed participants who had been offered psychosocial referral. Semistructured interviews were conducted 6 weeks later (n=14), and structured interviews were conducted 9 months later (n=6). Data were analyzed descriptively using an inductive approach. Results Ultimately, none of the rural cancer survivors (0/14, 0%) engaged with a psychosocial care provider, including those who had originally accepted referrals (0/4, 0%) for further psychosocial care. When explaining their decisions, survivors minimized their distress, emphasizing their self-reliance and the need to handle distress on their own. They expressed a preference for dealing with distress via informal support networks, which was often limited to close family members. No survivors endorsed public stigma as a barrier to accepting psychosocial help, but several suggested that self-stigma associated with not being able to handle their own distress was a reason for not seeking care. Conclusions Rural cancer survivors’ willingness to accept a psychosocial referral may be mediated by the rural cultural norm of self-reliance and by self-stigma. Interventions to address referral uptake may benefit from further illumination of these relationships as well as a strength-based approach that emphasizes positive aspects of the rural community and individual self-affirmation.

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“…We measured treatment-related stigma with the Self-Stigma of Seeking Help (SSOSH-3) scale. 24 The three items were: ‘It would make me feel inferior to ask a therapist for help’, ‘I would feel inadequate if I went to a therapist for psychological help’, and ‘If I went to a therapist, I would be less satisfied with myself’. Response choices ranged from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Destigmatising mental health treatment and increasing openness to seeking treatment: randomised controlled trial of brief video interventions

et al. 2022

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BackgroundDespite an elevated risk of psychopathology stemming from COVID-19-related stress, many essential workers stigmatise and avoid psychiatric care. This randomised controlled trial was designed to compare five versions of a social-contact-based brief video intervention for essential workers, differing by protagonist gender and race/ethnicity. AimsWe examined intervention efficacy on treatment-related stigma ('stigma') and openness to seeking treatment ('openness'), especially among workers who had not received prior mental healthcare. We assessed effectiveness and whether viewer/ protagonist demographic concordance heightened effectiveness. MethodEssential workers (N = 2734) randomly viewed a control video or brief video of an actor portraying an essential worker describing hardships, COVID-related anxiety and depression, and psychotherapy benefits. Five video versions (Black/Latinx/White and male/female) followed an identical 3 min script. Half the intervention group participants rewatched their video 14 days later. Stigma and openness were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and at 14-and 30-day follow-ups. Trial registration: NCT04964570. ResultsAll video intervention groups reported immediately decreased stigma (P < 0.0001; Cohen's d = 0.10) and increased openness (P < 0.0001; d = 0.23). The initial increase in openness was largely maintained in the repeated-video group at day 14 (P < 0.0001; d = 0.18), particularly among viewers without history of psychiatric treatment (P < 0.0001; d = 0.32). Increases were not sustained at follow-up. Female participants viewing a female protagonist and Black participants viewing a Black protagonist demonstrated greater openness than other demographic pairings. ConclusionsBrief video-based interventions improved immediate stigma and openness. Greater effects among female and Black individuals viewing demographically matched protagonists emphasise the value of tailored interventions, especially for socially oppressed groups. This easily disseminated intervention may proactively increase care-seeking, encouraging treatment among workers in need. Future studies should examine intervention mechanisms and whether linking referrals to psychiatric services generates treatment-seeking.

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Using Item Response Theory to Develop Revised (SSOSH-7) and Ultra-Brief (SSOSH-3) Self-Stigma of Seeking Help Scales

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

Associations between public and self-stigma of help-seeking with help-seeking attitudes and intention: A meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach.

Associations between public and self-stigma of help-seeking with help-seeking attitudes and intention: A meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach.

Self-reliance, Social Norms, and Self-stigma as Barriers to Psychosocial Help-Seeking Among Rural Cancer Survivors With Cancer-Related Distress: Qualitative Interview Study

Destigmatising mental health treatment and increasing openness to seeking treatment: randomised controlled trial of brief video interventions

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