Using ImageJ to Evaluate Optic Disc Pallor in Traumatic Optic Neuropathy

Abstract

PurposeTo evaluate optic disc pallor using ImageJ in traumatic optic neuropathy (TON).MethodsThis study examined unilateral TON patients. The optic disc was divided into 4 quadrants (temporal, superior, nasal, and inferior), consistent with the quadrants on optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness maps. Optic disc photography was performed and disc pallor was quantified using gray scale photographic images imported into ImageJ software. The correlation between optic disc pallor and RNFL thickness was examined in each quadrant.ResultsA total of 35 patients (31 male, 4 female) were enrolled in the study. The mean participant age was 34.8 ± 15.0 years (range, 5 to 63 years). Overall RNFL thickness decreased in 6 patients, with thinning most often occurring in the inferior quadrant (28 of 35 eyes). There was a significant correlation between optic disc pallor and RNFL thickness (superior, rho = -0.358, p = 0.04; inferior, rho = -0.345, p = 0.04; nasal, rho = -0.417, p = 0.01; temporal, rho = -0.390, p = 0.02). The highest level of correspondence between disc pallor and RNFL thickness values outside of the normative 95th percentiles was 39.3% and occurred in the inferior quadrant.ConclusionsOptic disc pallor in TON was quantified with ImageJ and was significantly correlated with RNFL thickness abnormalities. Thus, ImageJ evaluations of disc pallor may be useful for evaluating RNFL thinning, as verified by OCT RNFL analyses.

Automatic computer‐aided analysis of optic disc pallor in fundus photographs

“…Unfortunately, these studies all required a special filter while taking fundus photographs to obtain an ideal image for assessing optic disc colour, which is not the usual case in clinical practice. Quantitative measurement of optic disc pallor without using a special filter also have been reported (Kang & Kim ; Nakano et al. ).…”

“…Unfortunately, these studies all required a special filter while taking fundus photographs to obtain an ideal image for assessing optic disc colour, which is not the usual case in clinical practice. Quantitative measurement of optic disc pallor without using a special filter also have been reported (Kang & Kim 2014;Nakano et al 2016). However, these studies were not fully automated and were based on colour discrimination of red, green and blue pixels using image analysis software, which employed calculation algorithms using the mean intensity of each colour to quantify optic disc pallor (Nakano et al 2016).…”

“…First, our CAD system detected optic disc pallor through a fully automated process. Second, the combination of corrected green channel images and blue channel images provided a high contrast of the optic disc compared to previous studies (Schwartz et al 1973;Hendrickson et al 1984;Miller & Caprioli 1988;O'Brien 1991;Sagaties Farmer et al 1997;Vilser et al 2008;Kang & Kim 2014;Nakano et al 2016). Third, we adopted two novel parameters to overcome the major obstacles of objective assessment of optic disc pallor in previous studies (Schwartz et al 1973;Hendrickson et al 1984;Miller & Caprioli 1988;O'Brien 1991;Sagaties Farmer et al 1997;Vilser et al 2008;Kang & Kim 2014;Nakano et al 2016).…”

“…There have been previous attempts to measure optic disc pallor on fundus photographs (Schwartz et al 1973;Sorensen 1979;Zenker et al 1983;Hendrickson et al 1984;Miller & Caprioli 1988;O'Brien 1991;Sagaties Farmer et al 1997;Vilser et al 2008;Kang & Kim 2014;Nakano et al 2016). Unfortunately, these studies all required a special filter while taking fundus photographs to obtain an ideal image for assessing optic disc colour, which is not the usual case in clinical practice.…”

Automatic computer‐aided analysis of optic disc pallor in fundus photographs

“…Unfortunately, these studies all required a special filter while taking fundus photographs to obtain an ideal image for assessing optic disc colour, which is not the usual case in clinical practice. Quantitative measurement of optic disc pallor without using a special filter also have been reported (Kang & Kim ; Nakano et al. ).…”

“…Unfortunately, these studies all required a special filter while taking fundus photographs to obtain an ideal image for assessing optic disc colour, which is not the usual case in clinical practice. Quantitative measurement of optic disc pallor without using a special filter also have been reported (Kang & Kim 2014;Nakano et al 2016). However, these studies were not fully automated and were based on colour discrimination of red, green and blue pixels using image analysis software, which employed calculation algorithms using the mean intensity of each colour to quantify optic disc pallor (Nakano et al 2016).…”

“…First, our CAD system detected optic disc pallor through a fully automated process. Second, the combination of corrected green channel images and blue channel images provided a high contrast of the optic disc compared to previous studies (Schwartz et al 1973;Hendrickson et al 1984;Miller & Caprioli 1988;O'Brien 1991;Sagaties Farmer et al 1997;Vilser et al 2008;Kang & Kim 2014;Nakano et al 2016). Third, we adopted two novel parameters to overcome the major obstacles of objective assessment of optic disc pallor in previous studies (Schwartz et al 1973;Hendrickson et al 1984;Miller & Caprioli 1988;O'Brien 1991;Sagaties Farmer et al 1997;Vilser et al 2008;Kang & Kim 2014;Nakano et al 2016).…”

“…There have been previous attempts to measure optic disc pallor on fundus photographs (Schwartz et al 1973;Sorensen 1979;Zenker et al 1983;Hendrickson et al 1984;Miller & Caprioli 1988;O'Brien 1991;Sagaties Farmer et al 1997;Vilser et al 2008;Kang & Kim 2014;Nakano et al 2016). Unfortunately, these studies all required a special filter while taking fundus photographs to obtain an ideal image for assessing optic disc colour, which is not the usual case in clinical practice.…”

PallorMetrics: Software for Automatically Quantifying Optic Disc Pallor in Fundus Photographs, and Associations With Peripapillary RNFL Thickness

“…Finally, we calculated pallor based on the ratios of red and green pixel intensities 6,7,10,30,31 between the measurement and control regions. Specifically, we divided the mean of the green channel in the measurement zone by the mean of the red channel in the same zone.…”

Automatic computer‐aided analysis of optic disc pallor in fundus photographs

“…Unfortunately, these studies all required a special filter while taking fundus photographs to obtain an ideal image for assessing optic disc colour, which is not the usual case in clinical practice. Quantitative measurement of optic disc pallor without using a special filter also have been reported (Kang & Kim ; Nakano et al. ).…”

“…Unfortunately, these studies all required a special filter while taking fundus photographs to obtain an ideal image for assessing optic disc colour, which is not the usual case in clinical practice. Quantitative measurement of optic disc pallor without using a special filter also have been reported (Kang & Kim 2014;Nakano et al 2016). However, these studies were not fully automated and were based on colour discrimination of red, green and blue pixels using image analysis software, which employed calculation algorithms using the mean intensity of each colour to quantify optic disc pallor (Nakano et al 2016).…”

“…First, our CAD system detected optic disc pallor through a fully automated process. Second, the combination of corrected green channel images and blue channel images provided a high contrast of the optic disc compared to previous studies (Schwartz et al 1973;Hendrickson et al 1984;Miller & Caprioli 1988;O'Brien 1991;Sagaties Farmer et al 1997;Vilser et al 2008;Kang & Kim 2014;Nakano et al 2016). Third, we adopted two novel parameters to overcome the major obstacles of objective assessment of optic disc pallor in previous studies (Schwartz et al 1973;Hendrickson et al 1984;Miller & Caprioli 1988;O'Brien 1991;Sagaties Farmer et al 1997;Vilser et al 2008;Kang & Kim 2014;Nakano et al 2016).…”

“…There have been previous attempts to measure optic disc pallor on fundus photographs (Schwartz et al 1973;Sorensen 1979;Zenker et al 1983;Hendrickson et al 1984;Miller & Caprioli 1988;O'Brien 1991;Sagaties Farmer et al 1997;Vilser et al 2008;Kang & Kim 2014;Nakano et al 2016). Unfortunately, these studies all required a special filter while taking fundus photographs to obtain an ideal image for assessing optic disc colour, which is not the usual case in clinical practice.…”

PallorMetrics: Software for Automatically Quantifying Optic Disc Pallor in Fundus Photographs, and Associations With Peripapillary RNFL Thickness

“…Finally, we calculated pallor based on the ratios of red and green pixel intensities 6,7,10,30,31 between the measurement and control regions. Specifically, we divided the mean of the green channel in the measurement zone by the mean of the red channel in the same zone.…”

Automatic computer‐aided analysis of optic disc pallor in fundus photographs

“…Unfortunately, these studies all required a special filter while taking fundus photographs to obtain an ideal image for assessing optic disc colour, which is not the usual case in clinical practice. Quantitative measurement of optic disc pallor without using a special filter also have been reported (Kang & Kim ; Nakano et al. ).…”

“…Unfortunately, these studies all required a special filter while taking fundus photographs to obtain an ideal image for assessing optic disc colour, which is not the usual case in clinical practice. Quantitative measurement of optic disc pallor without using a special filter also have been reported (Kang & Kim 2014;Nakano et al 2016). However, these studies were not fully automated and were based on colour discrimination of red, green and blue pixels using image analysis software, which employed calculation algorithms using the mean intensity of each colour to quantify optic disc pallor (Nakano et al 2016).…”

“…First, our CAD system detected optic disc pallor through a fully automated process. Second, the combination of corrected green channel images and blue channel images provided a high contrast of the optic disc compared to previous studies (Schwartz et al 1973;Hendrickson et al 1984;Miller & Caprioli 1988;O'Brien 1991;Sagaties Farmer et al 1997;Vilser et al 2008;Kang & Kim 2014;Nakano et al 2016). Third, we adopted two novel parameters to overcome the major obstacles of objective assessment of optic disc pallor in previous studies (Schwartz et al 1973;Hendrickson et al 1984;Miller & Caprioli 1988;O'Brien 1991;Sagaties Farmer et al 1997;Vilser et al 2008;Kang & Kim 2014;Nakano et al 2016).…”

“…There have been previous attempts to measure optic disc pallor on fundus photographs (Schwartz et al 1973;Sorensen 1979;Zenker et al 1983;Hendrickson et al 1984;Miller & Caprioli 1988;O'Brien 1991;Sagaties Farmer et al 1997;Vilser et al 2008;Kang & Kim 2014;Nakano et al 2016). Unfortunately, these studies all required a special filter while taking fundus photographs to obtain an ideal image for assessing optic disc colour, which is not the usual case in clinical practice.…”

PallorMetrics: Software for Automatically Quantifying Optic Disc Pallor in Fundus Photographs, and Associations With Peripapillary RNFL Thickness

“…Finally, we calculated pallor based on the ratios of red and green pixel intensities 6,7,10,30,31 between the measurement and control regions. Specifically, we divided the mean of the green channel in the measurement zone by the mean of the red channel in the same zone.…”