Using expressive rendering for remote visualization of large city models

Quillet, Jean-Charles; Thomas, Gordon; Granier, Xavier; Guitton, Pascal; Marvie, Jean-Eudes

doi:10.1145/1122591.1122595

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Quillet et al (44) developed a system that extracts feature lines of building facades on the server side and streams data on demand to the client. The approach forces the point of view to street level.…”

Section: Previous Attempts To Improve 3d Rendering Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating approaches to improving rendering performance of 3D city models on mobile devices

Ellul

Altenbuchner

2014

Geo-spatial Information Science

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Three-dimensional (3D) city models have uses including on-site validation of utility infrastructure, support for augmented reality, personalized tourist information, real estate sales, and 3D pedestrian navigation. Increasingly, such applications are deployed on mobile devices, whose use is becoming more prevalent. Tablet devices are used for more professional use requiring larger screens, mobile phones for more casual users. However, many 3D city models contain hundreds of buildings, which in turn results in performance issues when attempting to visualize such models on these devices. Two issues can be identified as contributory factors -the lower specification of the mobile device itself when compared with desktop machines and the lower bandwidth network between the device and the server (3G mobile or Wi-Fi). Both of these can be addressed by reducing the volume of data in the model. To achieve this, we generalize a 2D data-set (using aggregation and simplification) and then extrude the generalized 2D maps to 3D. This minimizes the number of buildings to be transmitted over the network and processed by the on-board graphics engine. To additionally address the bandwidth issue, we make use of topological data structuring to build and transmit a minimal description for each building. Combining these approaches, we compare the results obtained for generalized and un-generalized data-sets, on a tablet and mobile device. A performance increase of between 7 and 9 times is observed.

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Section: Previous Attempts To Improve 3d Rendering Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating approaches to improving rendering performance of 3D city models on mobile devices

Ellul

Altenbuchner

2014

Geo-spatial Information Science

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“…The data is then presented as a single building in a customised JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) format (Prieto et al, 2012). Additionally, (Quillet et al, 2006) developed a system that extracts feature lines of building facades on the server side and streams data on demand to the client. The approach forces the point of view to street level.…”

Section: Combining Server Side and Client Side Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lod 1 vs. Lod 2 – Preliminary Investigations Into Differences in Mobile Rendering Performance

Ellul

Altenbuchner

2013

ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:The increasing availability, size and detail of 3D City Model datasets has led to a challenge when rendering such data on mobile devices. Understanding the limitations to the usability of such models on these devices is particularly important given the broadening range of applications -such as pollution or noise modelling, tourism, planning, solar potential -for which these datasets and resulting visualisations can be utilized. Much 3D City Model data is created by extrusion of 2D topographic datasets, resulting in what is known as Level of Detail (LoD) 1 buildings -with flat roofs. However, in the UK the National Mapping Agency (the Ordnance Survey, OS) is now releasing test datasets to Level of Detail (LoD) 2 -i.e. including roof structures. These datasets are designed to integrate with the LoD 1 datasets provided by the OS, and provide additional detail in particular on larger buildings and in town centres. The availability of such integrated datasets at two different Levels of Detail permits investigation into the impact of the additional roof structures (and hence the display of a more realistic 3D City Model) on rendering performance on a mobile device. This paper describes preliminary work carried out to investigate this issue, for the test area of the city of Sheffield (in the UK Midlands). The data is stored in a 3D spatial database as triangles and then extracted and served as a web-based data stream which is queried by an App developed on the mobile device (using the Android environment, Java and OpenGL for graphics). Initial tests have been carried out on two dataset sizes, for the city centre and a larger area, rendering the data onto a tablet to compare results. Results of 52 seconds for rendering LoD 1 data, and 72 seconds for LoD 1 mixed with LoD 2 data, show that the impact of LoD 2 is significant.

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“…However, all textures are stored locally. [Quillet et al 2006] attack the problem of texture storage by extracting and vectorizing façade features using edge detection. Their non-photorealistic rendering scheme applies potentially visible sets, but forces the viewpoint to street level.…”

Section: City Models In Networked Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile, hardware-accelerated urban 3D maps in 3G networks

Nurminen

2007

Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on 3D Web Technology

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Figure 1: A 3D city rendered at 60fps. Abstract3D maps can visualize static and dynamic features of real environments, and act as 3D gateways to location-based information. Insufficient network speed has been a major bottleneck for dynamic download of 3D content for mobile devices. 3G network technologies promise to solve this issue, allowing faster response times and higher data rates. Similarly, mobile 3D graphics hardware should provide a dramatic increase in rendering speed. We examine wireless IP network properties, and develop an optimized network scheme suited for navigation purposes. The presented system allows free roaming in the 3D scene, while progressively downloading 3D data. For case platforms, we use two 3G Symbian smart phones, one with 3D hardware and one without. Network, 3D rendering and overall application performances are measured. For a scalable 3D engine, 3D hardware improves the rendering performance by over an order of magnitude. By using a compressed network protocol and efficiently formatted 3D data, a textured but lightweight 3D city can be progressively downloaded in 3G networks fast and without degrading application responsiveness.

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Using expressive rendering for remote visualization of large city models

Cited by 19 publications

References 26 publications

Investigating approaches to improving rendering performance of 3D city models on mobile devices

Investigating approaches to improving rendering performance of 3D city models on mobile devices

Lod 1 vs. Lod 2 – Preliminary Investigations Into Differences in Mobile Rendering Performance

Mobile, hardware-accelerated urban 3D maps in 3G networks

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