Using direct illumination CCDs as high-resolution area detectors for X-ray scattering

Livet, F.; Bley, F.; Mainville, J.; Caudron, R.; Mochrie, S. G. J.; Geissler, Erik; Dolino, G.; Abernathy, D. L.; Grübel, G.; Sutton, M.

doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(00)00333-8

Cited by 98 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…For each frame, the CCD was transformed in a photon-counting detector, as described in Livet et al (2000). Intensities correspond to counts, and the log units show the large dynamics obtained (unpublished results obtained at the ID20 beamline of ESRF).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Diffraction with a coherent X-ray beam: dynamics and imaging

Livet

2007

Acta Cryst Sect A

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Methods for carrying out coherent X‐ray scattering experiments are reviewed. The brilliance of the available synchrotron sources, the characteristics of the existing optics, the various ways of obtaining a beam of controlled coherence properties and the detectors used are summarized. Applications in the study of the dynamics of speckle patterns are described. In the case of soft condensed matter, the movement of inclusions like fillers in polymers or colloidal particles can be observed and these can reflect polymer or liquid‐crystal fluctuations. In hard condensed‐matter problems, like phase transitions, charge‐density waves or phasons in quasicrystals, the study of speckle fluctuations provides new time‐resolved methods. In the domain of lensless imaging, the coherent beam gives the modulus of the sample Fourier transform. If oversampling conditions are fulfilled, the phase can be obtained and the image in the direct space can be reconstructed. The forthcoming improvements of all these techniques are discussed.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Diffraction with a coherent X-ray beam: dynamics and imaging

Livet

2007

Acta Cryst Sect A

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“…In our experiment, the CCD was divided into 18 strips of 64 rows and the irradiated region was limited by means of slits. For each frame, the measured intensity was analysed with the 'droplet algorithm' (DA), which, for low counting rates, transforms the direct-illumination CCD in a photoncounting area detector (Livet et al, 2000). The elementary kinetic shift times t were 25, 150, 350 and 1000 ms. Fig.…”

Section: Homodyne and Heterodyne Correlations In A Latex Suspensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For practical experiments, ' 10 mrad, primarily because the CCD detectors used (Livet et al, 2000) have a 20 mm resolution with a sample-to-detector distance of the order of 2 m. This means that ' 10 mm, and that the irradiated surface is at least two orders of magnitude smaller than in light scattering (obviously, a laser beam can be focused to a size smaller than 10 mm, but its divergence due to diffraction gives an effective beam size of about 100 mm for a sample of a thickness in the millimetre range). This size can be further reduced with the new X-ray focusing elements (Schroer et al, 2003;Di Fabrizio et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homodyne and heterodyne X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy: latex particles and elastomers

Livet¹,

Bley²,

Ehrburger‐Dolle³

et al. 2007

J Appl Cryst

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In a coherent X-ray small-angle experiment, heterodyning between the scattering amplitudes of two samples is obtained by stacking a static reference and a fluctuating sample. Results of homodyne and heterodyne measurements are compared in the case of 98 nm diameter latex particles in glycerol. The method is also used for the study of the slow relaxation process of carbon-blackfilled ethylene-propylene elastomers corresponding to the relaxation of the carbon black skeleton after a 100% elongation. On the scale of the 10 mm coherent beam, heterodyning is used to separate fluctuations from long-term flowing of the sample. We show that this flow can be observed for about 10 h, with velocities of the order of nanometres per second. Random fluctuations are dominant in the speckle changes only for large q values (q > 2 Â 10 À2 Å À1 ) and after a long relaxation time.

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“…In order to improve statistics, the use of an area detector is indispensable. A droplet algorithm [33] is used to identify the photon events and all points lying within the area of the detector are treated as equivalent in the reciprocal space and all are used to calculate an ensemble average. This is reasonable because for high X-ray energies the Ewald sphere is flat for the solid angle occupied by the area detector and also gradients of the inverse correlation time in the diffusion models are rather flat as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic Migration Studies with X-Ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy

Stana

Ross

Sepioł

2014

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Abstract. The new technique of atomic-scale X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (aXPCS) makes use of a coherent X-ray beam to study the dynamics of various processes in condensed matter systems. Particularly atomistic migration mechanisms are still far from being understood in most of intermetallic alloys and in amorphous systems. Special emphasis must be given to the opportunity to measure atomistic diffusion at relatively low temperatures where such measurements were far out of reach with previously established methods. The importance of short-range order is demonstrated on the basis of Monte Carlo simulations.

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Using direct illumination CCDs as high-resolution area detectors for X-ray scattering

Cited by 98 publications

References 7 publications

Diffraction with a coherent X-ray beam: dynamics and imaging

Diffraction with a coherent X-ray beam: dynamics and imaging

Homodyne and heterodyne X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy: latex particles and elastomers

Atomic Migration Studies with X-Ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy

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