General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.-Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research -You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain -You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright, please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Crying is generally associated with distress and discomfort and is also part of the premenstrual syndrome in women. Therefore the present studies focused on crying fluctuations during the menstrual cycle. First, a retrospective cross-cultural study among women from 33 different countries (N= 2447) was conducted. Crying proneness reportedly increased before menstruation, with remarkable cross-cultural differences. Women using oral contraceptives (OC) largely reported the same pattern of results as women not using OC. In a second study, 82 Dutch students kept a crying and mood diary for two consecutive menstrual cycles. During no phase of the menstrual cycle, actual crying episodes nor crying proneness was increased, although significant changes in mood were reported. Given the large cross-cultural differences on the one hand, and the remarkable correspondence between the self-reports of those using OC and those who do not use OC on the other hand, it is concluded that the role of female sex hormone fluctuations in crying has to be questioned. Rather, it seems more likely that fluctuations in self-reported crying are based on implicit theories on the relation between menstrual cycle, mood, and crying 3