Using a smartphone as a tool to measure compensatory and anomalous head positions

Farah, Michelle de Lima; M, Santinello; Carvalho, Luis Eduardo Morato Rebouças de; Uesugui, Carlos Fumiaki; Barcellos, Ronaldo Boaventura

doi:10.5935/0004-2749.20180008

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…EyeTilt is another app available in the Apple App Store, which can be used in strabismology to measure head tilt objectively during patient examination or with photos taken from patients. In a recent study, the Photos app of iPhone was also used to measure head tilt using photographs from patients, with good results (10) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smartphone as a tool for evaluating oblique muscle dysfunction

Rautha¹,

Carvalho²,

Vadas³

et al. 2022

ABO

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The aim of this study was to describe a simple, accessible, and reliable method using a smartphone for evaluating oblique muscle dysfunctions. Methods: The photograph rotation tool in the iPhone PHOTO app was used by 75 examiners to evaluate 22 photographs from only 9 patients, captured in infra-and supra-dextroversion, and infra-and supra-levoversion, as not all the patients were photographed in the 4 positions mentioned. Each patient received a score for the superior and inferior oblique muscle functions, ranging from -4 (hypofunction) to 4 (hyperfunction) or 0 (normal function), using preediting and postediting photographs. These values were compared with the scores previously given by trained personnel in strabismus screening. The difference in score between the two groups was expressed in natural (whole and non-negative) numbers. The mean and pattern deviation were then calculated. Results: The scores of most of the edited photos showed a lower mean than those of the unedited ones, except for a patient with left superior oblique hyperfunction. The patients with no oblique dysfunction and those with right superior oblique hyperfunction demonstrated (after editing the photograph) scores with greater similarity with their initial scores (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Similar results were found in the patients with oblique hypofunctions and right inferior oblique hyperfunction (p<0.01). Conclusion: The proposed method for assessing muscular function in vertical strabismus is reproducible, accessible, simple, and reliable, and provides better consistency to the admeasurement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smartphone as a tool for evaluating oblique muscle dysfunction

Rautha¹,

Carvalho²,

Vadas³

et al. 2022

ABO

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“…Recently, Farah et al reported an AHP measurement method that uses a smartphone as an assessment tool. 7 However, 3D head posture pictures cannot be taken at the same time when using this method; thus, the same difficulties are yet to be resolved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy and Correlation of the Kinect-Based Semi-Automatic Scoring Method for Measuring Anomalous Head Posture as Compared to the CROM® Device

Yamamoto¹,

Yagasaki²,

Ichikawa³

et al. 2022

OPTH

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To determine the reliability of the Kinect-based semi-automatic scoring method (KSSM) using Kinect for Windows v2 for head posture compared to the cervical range-of-motion (CROM) device. Methods and Analysis: Head positions between −40° and +40° of chin up/down (X), head turn (Y), and lateral tilt (Z) were measured in 10° increments in healthy volunteers. Their head positions were simultaneously measured using the KSSM and CROM. The following four points were analyzed: the success rate of the KSSM, the correlation between the two methods, the comparison of results by 95% limits of agreement (LA), and proportional error at 95% LA. Results: The measurability of the KSSM for all positions within ±30° of the X, Y, and Z axes was 100%. The correlations for both methods were 0.979 (95%

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“…With improvements in low-cost imaging technology, remote noncontact cameras are increasingly being used to measure head position. Farah et al ( 2018 ) used a mobile phone camera to measure abnormal head position and reported good accuracy, measuring a mean head position of 31.87 ± 0.81 degrees in 30° head postures. Thomas et al ( 2016 ) used a webcam for the ‘Cambridge Face Tracker’, which showed good agreement with the CROM, with correlation coefficients of 0.96 or higher for 20–50° head movements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is a Depth Camera in Agreement with an Electromagnetic Tracking Device when Measuring Head Position?

Burchell

Arblaster

Buckley

et al. 2021

British and Irish Orthoptic Journal

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Introduction: Clinicians typically observe and describe abnormal head postures (AHPs) and may also measure them. Depth cameras have been suggested as a reliable measurement device for measuring head position using face-tracking technology. This study compared a depth camera (Microsoft Kinect) to a gold standard electromagnetic tracking system (Polhemus device) to measure head position. Method: Twenty healthy volunteers (mean age 21 years) had their head position simultaneously recorded using the depth camera (Kinect) and the electromagnetic tracking system (Polhemus). Participants were asked to make 30-degree head movements into chin up, chin down, head turn and head tilt positions. The head movement made and the stability of the head at each position were recorded and analysed. Results: Compared to the electromagnetic tracking system (Polhemus), the depth camera (Kinect) always measured a smaller head movement. Measurements with the two devices were not statistically significantly different for turn right (P = 0.3955, p > 0.05), turn left (P = 0.4749, p > 0.05), tilt right (P = 0.7086, p > 0.05) and tilt left (P = 0.4091, p > 0.05) head movements. However, the smaller depth camera measurement of chin up and chin down head movements were statistically significant, chin up (P = 0.0001, p < 0.01) and chin down (P = 0.0005, p < 0.001). At each eccentric position, the depth camera (Kinect) recordings were more variable than the electromagnetic tracking system (Polhemus). Conclusions: Compared to the electromagnetic tracking system (Polhemus), the depth camera (Kinect) was comparable for measuring head turns and tilts but was less accurate at measuring chin up and chin down head positions. Further research is needed before the depth cameras are considered for clinical recordings of head position.

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Using a smartphone as a tool to measure compensatory and anomalous head positions

Abstract: The method used in this study for measuring anomalous head position is reproducible, with maximum variations for AHPs of 2.88 degrees around the X-axis and 2.77 degrees around the Y-axis.

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Smartphone as a tool for evaluating oblique muscle dysfunction

Smartphone as a tool for evaluating oblique muscle dysfunction

Accuracy and Correlation of the Kinect-Based Semi-Automatic Scoring Method for Measuring Anomalous Head Posture as Compared to the CROM® Device

Is a Depth Camera in Agreement with an Electromagnetic Tracking Device when Measuring Head Position?

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