Using a GIS Approach to Evaluate Spatial Accessibility to Neighbourhood Amenities and Natural Environmental Features: Implications for Older Adult Health in the Toronto CMA

Abstract

<p>Older adults (i.e., adults aged 65+) have become the fastest-growing age group in Canada. This demographic shift has resulted in accelerated demand for health-promoting resources as older adults age in place. This project analyzes potential spatial accessibility of health-promoting neighbourhood amenities (NAs) and natural environmental features (NEFs) among Census tracts and Census subdivisions in the Toronto Census Metropolitan Area. Spatial accessibility of these resources is analyzed for older adults residing in different neighbourhoods and communities. Geographic information systems are used to implement methods including the enhanced two-step floating catchment area accessibility model, location quotient, and bivariate local indicators of spatial association. Two travel scenarios (i.e., walking and driving) represent common modes of transportation. Results indicate significant variation in spatial accessibility between NAs and NEFs and spatial mismatch between older adult concentration and spatial accessibility. This project provides a modest basis for improvement of service provision, supportive infrastructure, and health promotion. </p>