Use of wastes from the tea and coffee industries for the production of cellulases using fungi isolated from the Western Ghats of India

Abstract

In this study, coffee pulp (Coffea arabica) and green tea (Camellia sinensis) residues were characterized for use as a substrate of solid-state fermentation for cellulases production. The invasion rate was evaluated, as well as cellulases production by strains of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma asperellum from the western Ghats of India, on coffee pulp, green tea, and a mixture of both substrates (50:50). T. asperellum (AFP) strain was found to have the highest growth rate (0.409 ± 0.021 mm/h) using a mixture of both substrates. The production of cellulases by T. asperellum was unsatisfactory due to the presence of polyphenols in the supports to which A. nigger cellulases are more resistant. The production of cellulases by A. nigger was linked to the pH of the supports, favouring the use of T and TC. It was found that the extracts produced by A. niger (28A strain using a mixture substrate, 28A, and 20A strains using only green tea as a substrate) presented the highest cellulase activities when evaluated using a plate technique producing degradation halos of 2.3 ± 0.1 cm of diameter. Aspergillus 28A strain did not require mineral enrichment media for cellulase production using green tea residues as support of solid-state fermentation.

Trichoderma Diversity in Mexico: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…However, the coffee industry offers other areas where the biological characteristics of Trichoderma species can be explored. For instance, Saldaña-Mendoza et al (2021) [98] pointed out that the Trichoderma fungus can be used to degrade coffee pulp residues.…”

Use of coffee waste for the production of biofuels

“…It also puts aquatic organisms at risk due to the leaching generated after their disposal because they produce mutagenic, genotoxic, and cytotoxic effects (Fernandes et al., 2017; Dissasa, 2022). Currently, multiple strategies have been developed to attend this problem, among which are integrating, the production of pigments with biological activities from yeasts using the pulp and husk for the production of carotenoids (Moreira et al., 2018), use of coffee pulp for the production of enzymes (Saldaña‐Mendoza et al., 2021), in the elaboration of bio‐absorbents and nanocomposites for the removal of heavy metals like lead (Edathil et al., 2018), chromium (Cherdchoo et al., 2019; Suganya & P., 2018), cadmium (Azouaou et al., 2010), mercury, dyes (Mora Alvarez et al., 2018) and other contaminants found in water bodies (Ahsan et al., 2018). The coffee wastes are used too in the production of biofilms with antifungal activity elaborated from the parchment of Coffea arábica (Mirón‐Mérida et al., 2019), in the development of precursors of bioplastics (Williamson & Hatzakis, 2019) and anodes for the production of lithium batteries, using the carbon derived from these wastes (Luna‐Lama et al., 2019).…”

“…It is currently one of the most popular beverages globally and is the second most important commercial product after oil, with reported annual consumption of around 9.3 million tons in 2017(Delgado‐Arias et al., 2020; Battista et al., 2021). During its processing from the cultivation to the cup, vast amounts of eco‐toxic waste are generated that are commonly discarded into the environment, affecting the quality of the water and the soil, and representing a risk for the organisms that inhabit them (Saldaña‐Mendoza et al., 2021; Du et al., 2021).…”

Evaluation of the biocontrol effect of Trichoderma sp. Trs GT2 extracts produced by fermentation processes against Botrytis cinerea Btcr GM3

“…This strategy allows an idea of the reproducibility of its effectiveness through the characterization of the produced metabolites. Although the submerged fermentation (SmF) system is commonly used because it allows direct control of the conditions within the fermentation and its scaling, research indicates that solid-state fermentation (SSF) is an economically and technologically viable alternative to produce extracts with antagonistic activity with good yields because it mimics the conditions under which fungi develop in nature (De la Cruz-Quiroz et al, 2019;Sala et al, 2019;Saldaña-Mendoza et al, 2020;Saldaña-Mendoza et al, 2023).…”