Use of the Levator Scapulae Muscle Flap in Head and Neck Reconstruction

A useful technique of reinforcing mucosal sutures after segmental mandibulectomy with primary closure using levator scapulae muscle

“…It has been ignored and used less frequently in spite of it being easy to elevate, reliable, and oncologically sound. Very few reports relating to the use of this flap have been published [2,3]. This novel technique using the levator scapulae allows reinforcement of the mucosal sutures after segmental mandibulectomy thereby reducing the possibility of orocutaneous fistula.…”

A useful technique of reinforcing mucosal sutures after segmental mandibulectomy with primary closure using levator scapulae muscle

“…It has been ignored and used less frequently in spite of it being easy to elevate, reliable, and oncologically sound. Very few reports relating to the use of this flap have been published [2,3]. This novel technique using the levator scapulae allows reinforcement of the mucosal sutures after segmental mandibulectomy thereby reducing the possibility of orocutaneous fistula.…”

Benefits of routine maxillectomy and orbital reconstruction with the rectus abdominis free flap

“…After optimal oncologic surgery of the maxilla and orbit, numerous surgical modalities are available to the surgeon for reconstruction of the surgical defect. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The method of reconstruction is based on a variety of factors and depends on both patient and surgical considerations. Local and regional flaps have the benefit of intact vascular supply, and although they are more time honored than free flaps for surgical defect closures, their cosmetic and functional results are often inferior because of their inability to completely resurface a large defect.…”

“…Additionally, the donor-site morbidity should be minimal, allowing an early return to daily activities. [1][2][3] Numerous surgical modalities have been described for maxillary reconstruction: regional flaps include the temporalis muscle 4 and infrahyoid myocutaneous flaps 5 ; distant flaps include the pectoralis major 6 ; and free flaps include the latissimus dorsi, 1 omentum, 1 iliac crest/internal oblique muscle, 7 rectus abdominis muscle, 1,8 radial forearm, 9,10 scapular/ parascapular tissue, [10][11][12] levator scapulae, 13 and tensor fasciae latae. 14 At our institution, the rectus abdominis muscle including the periumbilical soft tissue has been a popular choice for a donor site because of its reliability, flexibility, and ease of harvest.…”

Músculo Elevador de la Escápula: Irrigación e Inervación

“…Dentro de las variables morfológicas que son fundamentales para el éxito de esta intervención están la irrigación e inervación del tejido muscular donante.Con el advenimiento de nuevas técnicas y aplicaciones quirúrgicas, ha sido necesario profundizar en el conocimiento de estas variables mencionadas. Si bien la experiencia publicada en la utilización del músculo elevador de la escápula como elemento reconstructivo es escasa, se le han atribuido importantes aplicaciones (Marks & Cummings, 1985;Goodman & Donald, 1990;Angrigiani et al, 2003;Romero & Gerber, 2003). No obstante lo anterior, el conocimiento actual sobre estos aspectos es aún insuficiente, desincentivando en cierta forma su uso como alternativa reconstructiva.…”

“…En los trabajos y experiencias publicados (Marks & Cummings; Goodman & Donald), se menciona la movilización del músculo sacrificando sus pedículos vasculares inferiores, preservando la irrigación aportada por la arteria cervical ascendente. Cabe destacar que la casuística de estos trabajos era escasa y los resultados mostrados no estuvieron exentos de complicaciones (Goodman & Donald, 1990). Además, en nuestros preparados, la arteria cervical ascendente no irrigó al músculo, en el 10% de los casos.…”

A useful technique of reinforcing mucosal sutures after segmental mandibulectomy with primary closure using levator scapulae muscle

“…It has been ignored and used less frequently in spite of it being easy to elevate, reliable, and oncologically sound. Very few reports relating to the use of this flap have been published [2,3]. This novel technique using the levator scapulae allows reinforcement of the mucosal sutures after segmental mandibulectomy thereby reducing the possibility of orocutaneous fistula.…”

Benefits of routine maxillectomy and orbital reconstruction with the rectus abdominis free flap

“…After optimal oncologic surgery of the maxilla and orbit, numerous surgical modalities are available to the surgeon for reconstruction of the surgical defect. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The method of reconstruction is based on a variety of factors and depends on both patient and surgical considerations. Local and regional flaps have the benefit of intact vascular supply, and although they are more time honored than free flaps for surgical defect closures, their cosmetic and functional results are often inferior because of their inability to completely resurface a large defect.…”

“…Additionally, the donor-site morbidity should be minimal, allowing an early return to daily activities. [1][2][3] Numerous surgical modalities have been described for maxillary reconstruction: regional flaps include the temporalis muscle 4 and infrahyoid myocutaneous flaps 5 ; distant flaps include the pectoralis major 6 ; and free flaps include the latissimus dorsi, 1 omentum, 1 iliac crest/internal oblique muscle, 7 rectus abdominis muscle, 1,8 radial forearm, 9,10 scapular/ parascapular tissue, [10][11][12] levator scapulae, 13 and tensor fasciae latae. 14 At our institution, the rectus abdominis muscle including the periumbilical soft tissue has been a popular choice for a donor site because of its reliability, flexibility, and ease of harvest.…”

Músculo Elevador de la Escápula: Irrigación e Inervación

“…Dentro de las variables morfológicas que son fundamentales para el éxito de esta intervención están la irrigación e inervación del tejido muscular donante.Con el advenimiento de nuevas técnicas y aplicaciones quirúrgicas, ha sido necesario profundizar en el conocimiento de estas variables mencionadas. Si bien la experiencia publicada en la utilización del músculo elevador de la escápula como elemento reconstructivo es escasa, se le han atribuido importantes aplicaciones (Marks & Cummings, 1985;Goodman & Donald, 1990;Angrigiani et al, 2003;Romero & Gerber, 2003). No obstante lo anterior, el conocimiento actual sobre estos aspectos es aún insuficiente, desincentivando en cierta forma su uso como alternativa reconstructiva.…”

“…En los trabajos y experiencias publicados (Marks & Cummings; Goodman & Donald), se menciona la movilización del músculo sacrificando sus pedículos vasculares inferiores, preservando la irrigación aportada por la arteria cervical ascendente. Cabe destacar que la casuística de estos trabajos era escasa y los resultados mostrados no estuvieron exentos de complicaciones (Goodman & Donald, 1990). Además, en nuestros preparados, la arteria cervical ascendente no irrigó al músculo, en el 10% de los casos.…”

A useful technique of reinforcing mucosal sutures after segmental mandibulectomy with primary closure using levator scapulae muscle

“…It has been ignored and used less frequently in spite of it being easy to elevate, reliable, and oncologically sound. Very few reports relating to the use of this flap have been published [2,3]. This novel technique using the levator scapulae allows reinforcement of the mucosal sutures after segmental mandibulectomy thereby reducing the possibility of orocutaneous fistula.…”

Benefits of routine maxillectomy and orbital reconstruction with the rectus abdominis free flap

“…After optimal oncologic surgery of the maxilla and orbit, numerous surgical modalities are available to the surgeon for reconstruction of the surgical defect. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The method of reconstruction is based on a variety of factors and depends on both patient and surgical considerations. Local and regional flaps have the benefit of intact vascular supply, and although they are more time honored than free flaps for surgical defect closures, their cosmetic and functional results are often inferior because of their inability to completely resurface a large defect.…”

“…Additionally, the donor-site morbidity should be minimal, allowing an early return to daily activities. [1][2][3] Numerous surgical modalities have been described for maxillary reconstruction: regional flaps include the temporalis muscle 4 and infrahyoid myocutaneous flaps 5 ; distant flaps include the pectoralis major 6 ; and free flaps include the latissimus dorsi, 1 omentum, 1 iliac crest/internal oblique muscle, 7 rectus abdominis muscle, 1,8 radial forearm, 9,10 scapular/ parascapular tissue, [10][11][12] levator scapulae, 13 and tensor fasciae latae. 14 At our institution, the rectus abdominis muscle including the periumbilical soft tissue has been a popular choice for a donor site because of its reliability, flexibility, and ease of harvest.…”

Músculo Elevador de la Escápula: Irrigación e Inervación

“…Dentro de las variables morfológicas que son fundamentales para el éxito de esta intervención están la irrigación e inervación del tejido muscular donante.Con el advenimiento de nuevas técnicas y aplicaciones quirúrgicas, ha sido necesario profundizar en el conocimiento de estas variables mencionadas. Si bien la experiencia publicada en la utilización del músculo elevador de la escápula como elemento reconstructivo es escasa, se le han atribuido importantes aplicaciones (Marks & Cummings, 1985;Goodman & Donald, 1990;Angrigiani et al, 2003;Romero & Gerber, 2003). No obstante lo anterior, el conocimiento actual sobre estos aspectos es aún insuficiente, desincentivando en cierta forma su uso como alternativa reconstructiva.…”

“…En los trabajos y experiencias publicados (Marks & Cummings; Goodman & Donald), se menciona la movilización del músculo sacrificando sus pedículos vasculares inferiores, preservando la irrigación aportada por la arteria cervical ascendente. Cabe destacar que la casuística de estos trabajos era escasa y los resultados mostrados no estuvieron exentos de complicaciones (Goodman & Donald, 1990). Además, en nuestros preparados, la arteria cervical ascendente no irrigó al músculo, en el 10% de los casos.…”