Use of the Entomopathogenic Nematode<i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i>in Combination with Low-Toxicity Insecticides to Control Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae

Viteri, Diego M.; Linares, Angela M.; Flores, Luisa

doi:10.1653/024.101.0228

Cited by 29 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Most of the bioassays to identify resistance or susceptibility to insecticides in Puerto Rico have been conducted in fall armyworm populations. For instance, acephate, spinetoram, thiodicarb active ingredients, and combinations of chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram with the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) caused larval mortality of fall armyworm of over 60% in populations from Santa Isabel, and Lajas (Belay et al 2012;Viteri et al 2018). However, there are no reports if the larvae of corn earworm have similar levels of susceptibility to biological and synthetic insecticides compared to fall armyworm in Puerto Rico.…”

Section: Presence Of Corn Earworm and Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Nocmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inside the ears, S. carpocapsae may be more efficacious for control of larvae, because the nematodes are not exposed to ultraviolet light, which affects their multiplication, propagation, and levels of infectivity (Shapiro-Ilan et al 2006). Furthermore, combinations of S. carpocapsae with low-toxicity insecticides were reported to be highly effective in bioassays (Viteri et al 2018) and field evaluations (D Viteri, personal communication) to control lepidopterans. Likewise, although hightoxicity insecticides are not recommended due to the adverse effects in the environment and human health (Mostafalou & Abdollahi 2013;Ding et al 2015;Malhat et al 2015), chlorpyrifos may be an option to decrease corn earworm and fall armyworm populations in severe infestations, which are common in tropical environments.…”

Section: Presence Of Corn Earworm and Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Nocmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Presence of Corn Earworm and Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations in Sweet Corn and their Susceptibility to Insecticides in Puerto Rico

Viteri

Linares

Cabrera

et al. 2019

Florida Entomologist

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Section: Presence Of Corn Earworm and Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Nocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Presence Of Corn Earworm and Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Nocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of Corn Earworm and Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations in Sweet Corn and their Susceptibility to Insecticides in Puerto Rico

Viteri

Linares

Cabrera

et al. 2019

Florida Entomologist

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“…EPNs of the genus Steinernema associated with the symbiotic bacterium Xenorhabdus are among the most widely used and studied biological control agents 1 . They pose little threat to human health and non-target species 2 , but are capable of killing a broad spectrum of insect pests including the moth Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) 3,4 . The infestation cycle of the nematode Steinernema carpocapsae has been well described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spodoptera frugiperda transcriptional response to infestation by Steinernema carpocapsae

Huot

George

Girard

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Steinernema carpocapsae is an entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) used in biological control of agricultural pest insects. It enters the hemocoel of its host via the intestinal tract and releases its symbiotic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila. In order to improve our knowledge about the physiological responses of its different hosts, we examined the transcriptional responses to EPN infestation of the fat body, the hemocytes and the midgut in the lepidopteran pest Spodoptera frugiperda. The tissues poorly respond to the infestation at an early time post-infestation of 8 h with only 5 genes differentially expressed in the fat body of the caterpillars. Strong transcriptional responses are observed at a later time point of 15 h post-infestation in all three tissues. Few genes are differentially expressed in the midgut but tissue-specific panels of induced metalloprotease inhibitors, immune receptors and antimicrobial peptides together with several uncharacterized genes are up-regulated in the fat body and the hemocytes. Among the most up-regulated genes, we identified new potential immune effectors, unique to Lepidoptera, which show homology with bacterial genes of unknown function. Altogether, these results pave the way for further functional studies of the responsive genes’ involvement in the interaction with the EPN.

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“…EPN of the genus Steinernema associated with the symbiotic bacterium Xenorhabdus are among the most widely used and studied biological control agents (1). They pose little threat to human health and non-target species (2), but are capable of killing a broad spectrum of insect pests including the moth Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)(3, 4). The infestation cycle of the nematode Steinernema carpocapsae has been well described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spodoptera frugiperdatranscriptional response to infestation bySteinernema carpocapsae

Huot¹,

George²,

Girard³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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13Steinernema carpocapsae is an entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) used in biological control 14 of agricultural pest insects. It enters the hemocoel of its host via the intestinal tract and releases 15 its symbiotic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila, which kills the insect in less than 48 hours. 16 Although several aspects of its interactions with insects have been extensively studied, still 17 little is known about the immune and physiological responses of its different hosts. In order to 18 improve this knowledge, we examined the transcriptional responses to EPN infestation of the 19 fat body, the hemocytes and the midgut in the lepidopteran pest model Spodoptera frugiperda 20 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). 21 Our results indicate that the tissues poorly respond to the infestation at an early time post-22 infestation of 8 h, even though the proliferation of the bacterial symbiont within the hemocoel 23 is detected. Only 5 genes are differentially expressed in the fat body of the caterpillars. 24However, strong transcriptional responses are observed at a later time point of 15 h post-25 infestation in all three tissues. While few genes are differentially expressed in the midgut, 26 tissue-specific panels of induced metalloprotease inhibitors, immune receptors and 27 antimicrobial peptides together with several uncharacterized genes are up-regulated in the fat 28 body and the hemocytes. In addition, among the most up-regulated genes, we identified new 29 potential immune effectors, unique to Lepidoptera, for which we present evidence of 30 acquisition by Horizontal Gene Transfer from bacteria. 31Altogether, these results pave the way for further functional studies of the mobilized genes' 32 involvement in the interaction with the EPN. 33 3 34Author summary 35 The Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a major agricultural pest. The caterpillars cause 36 extensive damage to crops of importance such as corn, rice, sorghum and cotton. Originally 37 from the Americas, it is currently becoming invasive in other parts of the world, first in Africa 38 in 2016, then in India and now in south-east Asia. Programs of biological control against insect 39 pests are increasingly encouraged around the world and include the use of pathogens. 40 Entomopathogenic nematodes such as Steinernema carpocapsae are already commercialized 41 as organic pesticides. These nematodes live in the soil and enter the body of their insect preys. 42 Once within the insects, they release their symbiotic bacteria (Xenorhabdus nematophila in this 43 case), which infect and kill the host in a few hours. The nematodes can then feed on the dead 44 insects, reproduce and resume their life cycle. It is a major challenge to understand how EPN 45 achieve their pathogenicity as well as how the insects can resist them. Here we provide the 46 foundation for such an interaction between EPN and a Lepidoptera. We analyzed the dynamic 47 of transcriptional response in three insect tissues (midgut, fat body and hemocytes) upon 48 infestation by EPN. Not many...

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Use of the Entomopathogenic NematodeSteinernema carpocapsaein Combination with Low-Toxicity Insecticides to Control Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae

Cited by 29 publications

References 13 publications

Presence of Corn Earworm and Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations in Sweet Corn and their Susceptibility to Insecticides in Puerto Rico

Presence of Corn Earworm and Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations in Sweet Corn and their Susceptibility to Insecticides in Puerto Rico

Spodoptera frugiperda transcriptional response to infestation by Steinernema carpocapsae

Spodoptera frugiperdatranscriptional response to infestation bySteinernema carpocapsae

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