Use of the Brief Smell Identification Test for olfactory deficit in a Norwegian population with Alzheimer's disease

Kjelvik, Grete; Sando, Sigrid Botne; Aasly, Jan; Engedal, Knut; White, Linda R.

doi:10.1002/gps.1783

Cited by 48 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Table 1 indicates the age categories firstly showing the smell loss (defined as less than 3) and mental decline (defined as less than 28) are 70-79 (2.65) and 80+ (27.6), respectively. It suggests an initial apparent decrease in olfactory identification capabilities followed by the decrease in cognitive function, as observed previously [11,[23][24][25][26]. Since this was cross-sectional study, further confirmation to assess clearly if olfactory loss occurs prior to mental fitness decline will be required in a prospective study.…”

Section: Participants Characteristics and Test Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The statistical analysis using polyserial method showed 0.3650, 0.2967 and 0.3313 as the correlation coefficient in male, female and all-comers, respectively, suggesting weak correlation between olfactory function and cognitive function. It seems to be reasonable because there might be a time-lag between the initiation of olfactory impairment and that of mental decline [11,[23][24][25][26]. Table 1 indicates the age categories firstly showing the smell loss (defined as less than 3) and mental decline (defined as less than 28) are 70-79 (2.65) and 80+ (27.6), respectively.…”

Section: Participants Characteristics and Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Olfactory function evaluation in a 1102 community-dwelling 20-90-year old Japanese population in relation with age, sex and mental decline

Yanagimachi¹,

Takahashi²,

Bernier³

et al. 2017

Alzheimers Dement Cogn Neurol

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Purpose: Decline of olfactory function has been linked to aging of the brain and also to risk of developing dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases according to several Western studies of community-dwelling populations. The aim of this study was to understand the usefulness of a smell identification test to identify early signs of mental decline in relation with age, sex, and education in a community-dwelling population in Japan. Material and methods:The participants comprised of 1102 volunteers aged 20-90 (437 male and 665 female) who entered the Hirosaki University observational longitudinal study that first started in 2005. Each participant self-evaluated their olfactory abilities and later on were subject to modified Pocket Smell Test (mPST) odor identification test developed in collaboration with Sensonics Inc. followed by the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) to evaluate mental fitness. Multiple statistical analyses were performed to determine the usefulness of the simplified 4-odor (grape, onion, rose and soap) to understand non-invasively possible deterioration of brain function in relation with self-estimation of olfactory function, subjects age, sex, education and MMSE. Results:The results revealed similarities between self-estimation of olfactory sensory capabilities and mPST odor identification test (82.2% accuracy). A clear relationship between aging, sex, education and olfactory system impairment was also observed. In addition, the polyserial correlation coefficient was 0.3313, suggesting the association between olfactory impairment and decline of mental fitness. Thus, mPST appears useful to detect an early decline of mental fitness in Japanese general population.

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Section: Participants Characteristics and Test Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Participants Characteristics and Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory function evaluation in a 1102 community-dwelling 20-90-year old Japanese population in relation with age, sex and mental decline

Yanagimachi¹,

Takahashi²,

Bernier³

et al. 2017

Alzheimers Dement Cogn Neurol

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“…All subjects correctly identified the individual B-SIT items cinnamon, rose, chocolate toffee, gasoline, soap, and onion. Turpentine had the lowest score of any B-SIT item, and was identified by only 37.5% in line with the results from another study of B-SIT in a Norwegian population (Kjelvik et al 2007). The SSIT items orange, peppermint, licorice, and fish were correctly identified by all subjects.…”

Section: Postscan Assessment Of Olfactionsupporting

confidence: 87%

The human brain representation of odor identification

Kjelvik

Evensmoen

Brezova

et al. 2012

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…Although olfaction is often regarded as impaired in people with dementia (Kjelvik, Sando, Aasly, Engedal, & White, 2007), this was evidence that fragrance was important for the residents. However, people with dementia could not always identify smells:…”

Section: "A Couple Seemed To Get a Good Feel For What They Were Smellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mementos from Boots multisensory boxes – Qualitative evaluation of an intervention for people with dementia: Innovative practice

et al. 2016

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A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. This qualitative study explored a multi-sensory (including olfactory) intervention for people with dementia. Six themed boxes (e.g. Childhood) containing items chosen from the Boots archive designed to encourage conversation were used in weekly group sessions. Session participants were people with dementia and care staff from a local care home, a trained facilitator and archivists from Boots UK. Semi-structured interviews explored participants' experiences of the sessions. Interviews were analysed using Thematic Analysis. AbstractThis qualitative study explored a multisensory (including olfactory) intervention for people with

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Use of the Brief Smell Identification Test for olfactory deficit in a Norwegian population with Alzheimer's disease

Abstract: For patients with AD, the Brief Smell Identification Test (B-SIT) appears to be well-suited for detecting a deficit in olfactory identification in a Norwegian population.

Cited by 48 publications

References 19 publications

Olfactory function evaluation in a 1102 community-dwelling 20-90-year old Japanese population in relation with age, sex and mental decline

Olfactory function evaluation in a 1102 community-dwelling 20-90-year old Japanese population in relation with age, sex and mental decline

The human brain representation of odor identification

Mementos from Boots multisensory boxes – Qualitative evaluation of an intervention for people with dementia: Innovative practice

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