Use of Synchrotron-Based Techniques to Elucidate Metal Uptake and Metabolism in Plants

Sarret, Géraldine; Smits, Elizabeth A. H. Pilon; Michel, H.; Isaure, Marie‐Pierre; Zhao, Fang‐Jie; Tappero, Ryan

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407247-3.00001-9

Cited by 85 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 277 publications

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“…After this penetration phase, active transport within cells (symplastic pathway), transport in the vascular system (phloem or xylem) and transport between the phloem and xylem intervene. Metal uptake via root or shoot transfer may have different effects on metal localisation in different plant tissues, metal speciation (Sarret et al 2013), and phytotoxicity. Moreover, plant response (detoxification and tolerance mechanisms) may also vary with the type of Cd exposure (root or shoot).…”

Section: Foliar Uptake Of CDmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium Bioavailability, Uptake, Toxicity and Detoxification in Soil-Plant System

Shahid

Dumat

Khalid

et al. 2016

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

225

175

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This review summarizes the findings of the most recent studies, published from 2000 to 2016, which focus on the biogeochemical behavior of Cd in soil-plant systems and its impact on the ecosystem. For animals and people not subjected to a Cd-contaminated environment, consumption of Cd contaminated food (vegetables, cereals, pulses and legumes) is the main source of Cd exposure. As Cd does not have any known biological function, and can further cause serious deleterious effects both in plants and mammalian consumers, cycling of Cd within the soil-plant system is of high global relevance.The main source of Cd in soil is that which originates as emissions from various industrial processes. Within soil, Cd occurs in various chemical forms which differ greatly with respect to their lability and phytoavailability. Cadmium has a high phytoaccumulation index because of its low adsorption coefficient and high soil-plant mobility and thereby may enter the food chain. Plant uptake of Cd is believed to occur mainly via roots by specific and non-specific transporters of essential nutrients, as no Cd-specific transporter has yet been identified. Within plants, Cd causes phytotoxicity by decreasing nutrient uptake, inhibiting photosynthesis, plant growth and respiration, inducing lipid peroxidation and altering the antioxidant system and functioning of membranes. Plants tackle Cd toxicity via different defense strategies such as decreased Cd uptake or sequestration into vacuoles. In addition, various antioxidants combat Cd-induced overproduction of ROS. Other mechanisms involve the induction of phytochelatins, glutathione and salicylic acid.

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Section: Foliar Uptake Of CDmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium Bioavailability, Uptake, Toxicity and Detoxification in Soil-Plant System

Shahid

Dumat

Khalid

et al. 2016

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

225

175

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“…XANES or EXAFS is typically used after principal component analysis (PCA) and target analysis (TA) to determine the analyte species identity. XANES is the analysis which occurs within the energy region of 50 eV, below the elements absorption edge to 200 eV above this [70].…”

Section: Xasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal and metalloid speciation in plants: Overview, instrumentation, approaches and commonly assessed elements

Kroukamp

Wondimu

Forbes

2016

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

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The ability of plants to hyper-accumulate metals and metalloids from the surrounding environment may pose a significant health risk to both humans and animals since plants form a substantial component of diet. This attribute, however, has also been identified as a useful tool in bioremediation and biomonitoring studies; where assimilated metal(loid)s in plants often correlate to environmental exposure. Since the bioavailability and toxicity of these elements depends upon their chemical form, speciation studies are essential in determining mobility and metabolic pathways. This can be done in a number of ways where sampling, pre-treatment and storage are all important factors affecting speciation. Appropriate analytical techniques for speciation studies can either be direct methods such as XAS, or indirect methods which require species separation prior to analysis. Separation techniques can be in the form of sequential extractions or column separation and analyte detection often utilises instrumentation such as ESI-MS, ICP-MS and ICP-OES.

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“…Synchrotron facilities provide high-intensity photon sources that are >10 orders of magnitude brighter than those generated by conventional X-ray tubes [10,11]. Owing to this characteristic, synchrotron-based techniques are highly sensitive and can be used to detect a wide range of elements with a high spatial or lateral resolution.…”

Section: Synchrotron-based Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…XAS spectra are therefore generated by detecting and recording the absorption or fluorescence at each energy point. An XAS spectrum is conventionally divided into two parts, the Xray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) (Figure 1), covering the energy range from approximately -50 to +200 eV of the absorption edge and from the absorption edge to approximately +800 eV, respectively [10]. XANES is particularly sensitive to the oxidation states of elements and the electronegativity of the ligands, whereas EXAFS can provide information about the coordination chemistry such as the identity and number of the coordinating atoms and the interatomic distance.…”

Section: Synchrotron-based Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging element distribution and speciation in plant cells

Zhao

Moore

Lombi

et al. 2014

Trends in Plant Science

138

103

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To maintain cellular homeostasis, concentrations, chemical speciation, and localization of mineral nutrients and toxic trace elements need to be regulated. Imaging the cellular and subcellular localization of elements and measuring their in situ chemical speciation are challenging tasks that can be undertaken using synchrotronbased techniques, such as X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption spectrometry, and mass spectrometry-based techniques, such as secondary ion mass spectrometry and laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We review the advantages and limitations of these techniques, and discuss examples of their applications, which have revealed highly heterogeneous distribution patterns of elements in different cell types, often varying in chemical speciation. Combining these techniques with molecular genetic approaches can unravel functions of genes involved in element homeostasis. Spatial and chemical information of mineral element homeostasisPlants take up a range of mineral elements from the soil, some of which are essential for growth, whereas others are non-essential [1]. Deficiencies of essential elements are a major limiting factor for crop production in many areas worldwide, whereas excessive accumulation of both essential and non-essential elements can lead to phytotoxicity [1]. Accumulation of some elements, such as cadmium (Cd) [2] and arsenic (As) [3], in the edible parts of crops may pose a significant risk to human health well before phytotoxicity occurs. By contrast, there is a need to increase essential micronutrients, such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), in plantbased foods to alleviate their deficiencies in humans [4]. Plant nutrition research aims to understand how minerals are acquired, transported, distributed, stored, and used in plants. This knowledge is important not only for sustainable agricultural production but also for ensuring the nutritional quality and safety of agricultural products [5].Analyses of total elemental concentrations can now be performed using high-throughput platforms to reveal the ionomic profile (see Glossary) of plant tissues [6]. Although the total concentrations of minerals can provide information about the capacity for uptake and translocation, it is well recognized that minerals are distributed heterogeneously across different cell types [7]. Not only may the total concentrations vary at the tissue, cellular, and subcellular scales but also the chemical speciation of minerals may vary. This spatial information is crucial for understanding the homeostasis of minerals, particularly how different cell types and, fundamentally, different genes function in controlling the distribution, complexation, and storage of minerals, and how these processes vary among diverse plant species in the ecophysiological context.A range of techniques are available for mapping element distribution at various spatial scales. Traditional methods, such as energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) and proton (particle)-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), have been u...

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Use of Synchrotron-Based Techniques to Elucidate Metal Uptake and Metabolism in Plants

Cited by 85 publications

References 277 publications

Cadmium Bioavailability, Uptake, Toxicity and Detoxification in Soil-Plant System

Cadmium Bioavailability, Uptake, Toxicity and Detoxification in Soil-Plant System

Metal and metalloid speciation in plants: Overview, instrumentation, approaches and commonly assessed elements

Imaging element distribution and speciation in plant cells

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