Use of Screening Mammography and Clinical Breast Examinations among Black, Hispanic, and White Women

Frazier, Emma L.; Jiles, Ruth; Mayberry, Robert

doi:10.1006/pmed.1996.0037

Cited by 92 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…14,62,63 Somewhat surprisingly, however, Dominican women also screened at equivalent rates, 64 a result that is inconsistent with some previous research. 30,65,66 The rates of the remaining immigrant groups-two of African descent and one of European descent-had odds ratios that differed significantly from the European-American comparison group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Diversity matters: Unique populations of women and breast cancer screening

Magai

Consedine

Conway

et al. 2004

Cancer

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BACKGROUND. Ethnic differences in breast cancer screening behaviors are well established. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding exactly what causes these differences and which characteristics in low-screening populations should be targeted in an effort to modify screening behavior. METHODS.Stratified cluster sampling was used to recruit 1364 women (ages 50 -70 years) from 6 ethnic groups: African-American women; U.S.-born white women;English-speaking Caribbean, Haitian, and Dominican women; and immigrant Eastern-European women. In interviews, respondents provided information concerning demographic and structural variables related to mammogram utilization (age, education, income, marital status, physician recommendation, access, and insurance) and a set of cognitive variables (fatalism, perception of personal risk, health beliefs concerning cancer) and socioemotional variables (stress, cancer worry, embarrassment, and pain). RESULTS.For data analysis, the authors used a 2-step logistic regression with frequency of mammograms over a 10-year period (Յ 4 mammograms over 10 years or Ն 5 mammograms over 10 years) as a dependent variable. U.S.-born AfricanAmerican women and Dominican women were screened as frequently as European-American women, but the remaining minority groups were screened with less frequency. With one exception, ethnicity ceased to predict screening frequency once cognitive and emotional variables were controlled. CONCLUSIONS.Although women from clearly operationalized ethnic groups continue to screen at rates substantially below those of the majority groups, these differences appear to be explained substantially by differences in psychologic variables. This is encouraging because, rather than targeting culture for interven- B reast cancer is the second most common malignancy in women. 1 Although there has been some recent controversy, 2 a number of studies and reviews have shown that mammography reduces mortality, 3,4 and several authors have argued that early detection and screening represent our best means for decreasing breast cancer mortality. [5][6][7] Across the last 2 decades, a large body of descriptive research has documented the background factors that are believed to act barriers to, and facilitators of, mammography. In general, greater age, 8 -13 lower income and education, 14 -16 single marital status, 10 the absence of insurance, 17 and lack of physician recommendation 6,18 -20 all were reported to be predictive of poorer mammography utilization. Minority women also are less likely to have regular mammograms, a finding that is attributed commonly to lower education and income. What is of interest, however, is that ethnic differences in screening behavior persist even when variables such as socioeconomic status or education do not differ or are controlled statistically. 7,21,22 A growing number of screening studies also have examined an array of cognitive, attitudinal, and emotional factors that act as barriers to regular screening: patient perceptions of vulnerability,...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Diversity matters: Unique populations of women and breast cancer screening

Magai

Consedine

Conway

et al. 2004

Cancer

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“…O presente estudo revelou que a não realização do exame clínico das mamas e da mamografia é maior nas mulheres mais idosas, resultado que é semelhante aos observados por outros estudos 2,18,19 . Ressalte-se que os avanços tecnológicos e sociais ocorridos nas últimas décadas ao propiciarem o aumento da expectativa de vida, que se acompanha de elevação da prevalência de doenças crônicas, tendem a aumentar a demanda dos idosos por serviços de saúde.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Estudo realizado na cidade de São Leopoldo (Rio Grande do Sul), também encontrou menor prevalência na realização do exame clínico das mamas em mulheres não casadas 18 . É possível aventar que a percepção da necessidade de consulta ginecológica para problemas originados com a vida sexual ativa e para propostas de contracepção, e não a uma perspectiva mais ampla de cuidado com a saúde, levaria mulheres sem companheiro a demandarem menos os serviços ginecológi-cos e, portanto, a terem menor acesso ao exame clínico das mamas.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Fatores associados a não realização da mamografia e do exame clínico das mamas: um estudo de base populacional em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil

et al. 2008

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This study analyzes the prevalence of mammograms and clinical breast examination according to socioeconomic, demographic, and health-related IntroduçãoNa maioria dos países, o câncer de mama tem apresentado incidências elevadas e crescentes. Dos casos registrados no mundo, 43% estão em países em desenvolvimento, chamando a atenção para a necessidade de implementação de ações de promoção da saúde, de prevenção e tratamento desse câncer também nas regiões economicamente menos favorecidas 1,2,3 .O câncer de mama é relativamente raro antes dos 35 anos, mas, acima desta idade sua incidên-cia cresce rápida e progressivamente 4 . Mais de 85% dos casos ocorrem após os 40 anos, alcançando o pico de incidência na faixa dos 65 a 70 anos 5 . A neoplasia de mama vem sendo um alvo privilegiado dos estudos da comunidade cientí-fica, o que possibilitou a identificação de vários fatores causais e um conhecimento maior sobre a sua história natural 3 . Fatores genéticos (histó-ria familiar), reprodutivos e hormonais (menarca precoce, menopausa tardia, idade avançada para a primeira gravidez, nuliparidade e lactação, uso de contraceptivos orais e terapia de reposição hormonal), e exposições ambientais (radiações ionizantes) foram identificados como fatores de risco para o surgimento do câncer de mama. Há-bitos relacionados ao estilo de vida, como dieta rica em gordura, consumo elevado de álcool, baixa ingestão de vitaminas antioxidantes e sedentarismo também são apontados como positivamente associados a essa neoplasia 1,3 .ARTIGO ARTICLE Amorim VMSL et al.

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“…10,11,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Low use of breast cancer screening has been associated with a number of socioeconomic factors, 6,34-36 many of which are more prevalent in the Hispanic population, including lower educational status, lower household income, and lack of health insurance coverage. 1,3,11,26,30,[37][38][39] A higher percentage of Hispanic women than non-Hispanic women have also reported unfamiliarity with breast cancer screening methods or screening guidelines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,3,11,26,30,[37][38][39] A higher percentage of Hispanic women than non-Hispanic women have also reported unfamiliarity with breast cancer screening methods or screening guidelines. 26,28,32,40 It is likelythatimprovingawarenessanduseofscreeningamongthesewomenwouldleadtoanincrease in the detection of smaller, more treatable tumors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast cancer size and stage in Hispanic American women, by birthplace: 1992-1995

Hedeen

White

2001

Am J Public Health

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A B S T R A C TObjectives. This study examined whether Hispanic women with breast cancer have tumor characteristics associated with delayed detection and whether these characteristics vary by birthplace.Methods. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program data were used in examining breast cancer size and stage by racial/ethnic group and birthplace.Results. Hispanic Americans are one of the fastest growing racial/ethnic groups in the country, constituting 9% of the total US population. [1][2][3] By the end of the decade, the Hispanic population is expected to be the largest ethnic group in the United States.1 Among Hispanic women, breast cancer is the most common malignancy and the leading cause of cancer deaths. 4,5 It is well known that regular breast cancer screening increases early detection and significantly reduces breast cancer mortality.6-9 Therefore, it is of concern that Hispanic women are less likely to report using breast cancer screening than women in the general US population. 10,11 In the present study, we examined whether Hispanic women had breast cancer characteristics that reflect delayed tumor detection (i.e., large tumor size and advanced stage of disease). We further assessed whether these tumor characteristics varied by place of birth. Methods Study Subjects and Data CollectionStudy subjects were Hispanic women in 4 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program regions who had been diagnosed with in situ or invasive breast cancer at 40 years or older between 1992 and 1995. Non-Hispanic White women meeting the same criteria were the comparison group. The San Francisco/Oakland, San Jose/Monterey, Los Angeles, and New Mexico regions were included because these SEER registries have the largest Hispanic populations. 4 The regional SEER registries obtain case information primarily through record abstraction from hospitals and pathology laboratories.12 Additional data are obtained from death certificates. Information on race/ethnicity, obtained from hospital and death records, is comparable to US Bureau of the Census race/ ethnicity identifiers. When no ethnicity information is available, Hispanics are identified via the 1980 census Spanish surname list.Hispanic women were grouped in 2 birthplace categories (United States and LatinAmerica). In this study, Hispanic Americans born in LatinAmerica were considered first-generation Americans, and those born in the United States were considered later-generation Americans. Hispanic women with missing birthplace data and those born outside the United States or Latin America were not included in the analyses in which birthplace was an exposure variable. Statistical AnalysisWe examined 3 outcomes that reflect timeliness of breast cancer diagnosis (i.e., early diagnosis vs late diagnosis): tumor size categorized as 1 cm or smaller vs 1 cm or larger, tumor size categorized as 2 cm or smaller vs 2 cm or larger, and tumor stage at diagnosis classified as in situ/localized (early stage) vs regional/distant (advanced stage). Information on tu...

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Use of Screening Mammography and Clinical Breast Examinations among Black, Hispanic, and White Women

Cited by 92 publications

References 0 publications

Diversity matters: Unique populations of women and breast cancer screening

Diversity matters: Unique populations of women and breast cancer screening

Fatores associados a não realização da mamografia e do exame clínico das mamas: um estudo de base populacional em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil

Breast cancer size and stage in Hispanic American women, by birthplace: 1992-1995

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