Use of protein A as an immunological reagent and its application using flow injection. A review

Development of an immunoFET biosensor for the detection of biotinylated PCR product

“…The aims of using PA as a cross-linker because it adsorbs well on solid surface and has a binding specificity to the Fc fragment of IgG [24, 25, 28]. Mouse monoclonal IgG 2b of the anti-biotin antibody was a selected isotype for the experiment because it has strong affinity binding to PA [25]. Fab fragment of the antibody was turned up when Fc fragment was bound onto the PA layer (Fig.…”

“…[17, 18, 20]. PA could be immobilized on a solid support including acrylic or silica beads are often development for monoclonal and polyclonal IgG purification [21, 22, 25]. …”

Aspects of recent development of immunosensors

“…Therefore, special interest has been given to the development of the orientation-controlled immobilization techniques for antibodies, i.e. mostly through proteins A or G to specifi cally bind the antibody Fc fragment, or by directly binding the chemical groups at antibody Fc region [64,[69][70][71].…”

Flow-injection immunoanalysis, a versatile and powerful tool for the automatic determination of environmental pollutants

“…More sophisticated approaches enabling immobilization of biomolecules in such a way that its Ag binding site is available for interaction with Ag involve the following: Protein A or Protein G/carbodiimide routine [12], biotin-avidin chemistry [13], and the periodate or enzymatic oxidation of IgG carbohydrate moieties, being captured onto the hydrazide activated solid support surface by forming covalent hydrazone bonds [6]. Oriented immobilization of Ab to solids can also be achieved by the reduction of the inter heavy-chain disulfide bonds in the hinge region of the IgG by use of 2-mercaptoethylamine first, the created oriented half-antibody fragments is subsequently immobilized to the amino-activated surface through their thiol groups in the hinge by a heterobifunctional cross-linker, for example, succinimidy-4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxyl [14].…”