Use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Endodontics

Abstract

Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is a diagnostic imaging modality that provides high-quality, accurate three-dimensional (3D) representations of the osseous elements of the maxillofacial skeleton. CBCT systems are available that provide small field of view images at low dose with sufficient spatial resolution for applications in endodontic diagnosis, treatment guidance, and posttreatment evaluation. This article provides a literature review and pictorial demonstration of CBCT as an imaging adjunct for endodontics.

Cone beam computed tomography: Adding three dimensions to endodontics

“…Corp., Kyoto, Japan), the i-CAT (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfi eld, PA), and the CB MercuRy (Hitachi, Medical Corp., Kashiwa-shi, Chiba-ken, Japan) were the other FDA approved CBCT units in succession. [3] Since then a number of CBCT systems have been designed for dental use.…”

“…A single rotational sequence of the gantry provides immediate and precise images of the entire FOV and also adequate data for 3D image reconstruction. [3] Pixels (picture element) are the unit measurements used for 2D imaging such as in computer screens and digital cameras. The image captured by CBCT is composed of voxels, the unit of measurement with 3D.…”

“…Thus, any CBCT system used in endodontics need to have an optimal resolution not exceeding 200 μm (the average width of the PDL space). [3] The fi rst of the small FOV systems which provided a resolution of 0.125 mm is the 3D Accuitomo (J. Morita, Corporation, Kyoto, Japan). Figure 2 shows ORTHOPHOS XG 3D system having a standard resolution of 160 μm and a simple unit operation for 2D and 3D scans with automatic switching sensor.…”

“…Some of the limitations of 2D imaging include superimposition of the surrounding anatomic structures and probable errors in exposure or geometry. [3] Evaluation of the 3D structures based on the interpretation of conventional 2D imaging can compromise the endodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Hence, the need for 3D imaging, which would help in the better assessment of an area interest, arose.…”

Descriptive study of apical periodontitis detected in Cone Beam Computed Tomography scans

“…According to several studies, the probability of apical periodontitis existing and not being identified by periapical or panoramic radiography, is considerable [2][3][4] . On the other hand, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images are high resolution 1,3,5 , permitting a more precise identification of the apical periodontitis (AP), providing more effective information about the size and location, since the superimposition of the neighboring anatomical structures [1][2][3][4][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] is eliminated.…”