Use of bronchoalveolar lavage to detect lung damage.

Abstract

The assay of bronchoalveolar washings from acutely exposed animals has proven useful as a rapid screen for lung injury from inhaled airborne toxins. The screen is useful for choosing appropriate compounds and exposure levels for subsequent in-depth studies in which complete histopathologic evaluations will be made. An inflammatory response can be detected by the appearance of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and an increase in protein content of lung washings. The release of the cytoplasmic enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, into the acellular portion of the lavage fluid serves as an indication of cell death or membrane damage. A large increase in some lysosomal enzymes has been found in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from animals chronically exposed to insoluble particles. Angiotensin-converting enzyme has been found to be elevated in bronchoalveolar washings from animals with endothelial cell damage in the pulmonary capillaries. The correlation of these cellular and biochemical alterations in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid with morphological indications of damage has served to validate this method of detecting acute lung injury. Further study is needed to validate indicators of developing chronic disease. Images FIGURE 1. FIGURE 4. C1 FIGURE 4. C2 FIGURE 4. C3 FIGURE 6. FIGURE 6. FIGURE 6. FIGURE 6.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cytology and Hematology: A Comparison between High and Low Health Status Pigs at Three Different Ages

“…8,24 Conventionally raised pigs are exposed to a variety of antigenic stimuli, including pathogenic microorganisms, which are responsible for the increased percentages of neutrophils and lymphocytes. 1,9,18,20 In contrast with BAL data, hematology results of the high health status pigs were not influenced much by age and were similar to previously reported values. 10 However, the 5-week-old farm pigs had increased total white blood cells compared with the SEW farm pigs and the high health status pigs.…”

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cytology and Hematology: A Comparison between High and Low Health Status Pigs at Three Different Ages

“…8,24 Conventionally raised pigs are exposed to a variety of antigenic stimuli, including pathogenic microorganisms, which are responsible for the increased percentages of neutrophils and lymphocytes. 1,9,18,20 In contrast with BAL data, hematology results of the high health status pigs were not influenced much by age and were similar to previously reported values. 10 However, the 5-week-old farm pigs had increased total white blood cells compared with the SEW farm pigs and the high health status pigs.…”

Multiple parametric approaches to assess acute radiation lung injury of rats

“…The enzyme activity in BALF may provide a quantitative assessment of cell damage and pulmonary defence mechanisms. Inflammatory response is not only reflected by the amount of cells involved in the process, but it is also reflected by release of inflammatory mediators or enzymes indicating cell death such as LDH and ALP [24]. In the present study, the cellular profile as well as the LDH activity was changed significantly in gamma irradiated animals in comparison to control.…”

The role of E-selectin in two murine models of acute inflammation

“…1). In agreement with published reports of normal mice, essentially no neutrophils were recovered in BAL fluid of control animals receiving no intranasal instillation(250). The intranasal instillation of 25 |xL sterile saline did not result in an increase in neutrophil numbers in the BAL fluid relative to normal control levels (numerical data not shown)(Fig.…”

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cytology and Hematology: A Comparison between High and Low Health Status Pigs at Three Different Ages

“…8,24 Conventionally raised pigs are exposed to a variety of antigenic stimuli, including pathogenic microorganisms, which are responsible for the increased percentages of neutrophils and lymphocytes. 1,9,18,20 In contrast with BAL data, hematology results of the high health status pigs were not influenced much by age and were similar to previously reported values. 10 However, the 5-week-old farm pigs had increased total white blood cells compared with the SEW farm pigs and the high health status pigs.…”

Multiple parametric approaches to assess acute radiation lung injury of rats

“…The enzyme activity in BALF may provide a quantitative assessment of cell damage and pulmonary defence mechanisms. Inflammatory response is not only reflected by the amount of cells involved in the process, but it is also reflected by release of inflammatory mediators or enzymes indicating cell death such as LDH and ALP [24]. In the present study, the cellular profile as well as the LDH activity was changed significantly in gamma irradiated animals in comparison to control.…”

The role of E-selectin in two murine models of acute inflammation

“…1). In agreement with published reports of normal mice, essentially no neutrophils were recovered in BAL fluid of control animals receiving no intranasal instillation(250). The intranasal instillation of 25 |xL sterile saline did not result in an increase in neutrophil numbers in the BAL fluid relative to normal control levels (numerical data not shown)(Fig.…”

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cytology and Hematology: A Comparison between High and Low Health Status Pigs at Three Different Ages

“…8,24 Conventionally raised pigs are exposed to a variety of antigenic stimuli, including pathogenic microorganisms, which are responsible for the increased percentages of neutrophils and lymphocytes. 1,9,18,20 In contrast with BAL data, hematology results of the high health status pigs were not influenced much by age and were similar to previously reported values. 10 However, the 5-week-old farm pigs had increased total white blood cells compared with the SEW farm pigs and the high health status pigs.…”

Multiple parametric approaches to assess acute radiation lung injury of rats

“…The enzyme activity in BALF may provide a quantitative assessment of cell damage and pulmonary defence mechanisms. Inflammatory response is not only reflected by the amount of cells involved in the process, but it is also reflected by release of inflammatory mediators or enzymes indicating cell death such as LDH and ALP [24]. In the present study, the cellular profile as well as the LDH activity was changed significantly in gamma irradiated animals in comparison to control.…”

The role of E-selectin in two murine models of acute inflammation

“…1). In agreement with published reports of normal mice, essentially no neutrophils were recovered in BAL fluid of control animals receiving no intranasal instillation(250). The intranasal instillation of 25 |xL sterile saline did not result in an increase in neutrophil numbers in the BAL fluid relative to normal control levels (numerical data not shown)(Fig.…”