Use of Betel Quid in India from 2009 to 2017: An Epidemiological Analysis of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS)

Arora, Monika; Shrivastava, Surbhi; Mishra, Vijay Kumar; Mathur, Manu Raj

doi:10.1080/10826084.2020.1726393

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Similar findings were also noted with betel quid with tobacco. 'Supari', as it is referred to in local parlance, was also found to have an educational differentiation in its usage 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Sociodemographic profile of tobacco use and its predictors in Kerala, India

Ramanarayanan¹,

Rajeev²

2020

Popul. Med.

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INTRODUCTION The burden of tobacco use is high in India. Tobacco use behaviour is influenced by sociodemographic factors. The Indian state of Kerala is considered unique compared to the rest of India in having high social development indices. The objective of this study was to explore the sociodemographic factors affecting tobacco use and its predictors in Kerala. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using data obtained from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2 (2016-2017) for the state of Kerala in India. Questions from the survey pertaining to sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, area of residence, marital status, religion, education level, and employment status) were selected and served as independent variables. Outcomes are reported as odds ratios. RESULTS A total of 2186 individuals (783 men and 1403 women) participated in GATS-2 of Kerala state. People aged <45 years were less likely to be smokers (OR=0.54; 95% CI: 0.39-0.75) and smokeless tobacco users (OR=0.20; 95% CI: 0.12-0.33). Men were more likely to use tobacco compared to women (OR=189.9; 95% CI: 46.95-768.10 for smoking tobacco, and OR=2.29; 95% CI: 1.55-3.38 for smokeless forms). CONCLUSIONS Tobacco use in Kerala was below the national average. Older age (≥45 years) was associated with tobacco use while poor literacy levels and employment status were significantly associated with smoking.

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“…Similar findings were also noted with betel quid with tobacco. 'Supari', as it is referred to in local parlance, was also found to have an educational differentiation in its usage 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Sociodemographic profile of tobacco use and its predictors in Kerala, India

Ramanarayanan¹,

Rajeev²

2020

Popul. Med.

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“…Betel quid is a blend of areca nut, slaked lime, and betel leaf, which can be combined with tobacco, sweeteners, and/or spices. Particularly in India, betel quid serves as a predominant carrier of smokeless tobacco [ 30 ]. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is also a risk factor for the OSCC process.…”

Section: Overview On Oscc and Chemoresistancementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of non‐coding RNAs in drug resistance of oral squamous cell carcinoma and therapeutic potential

Meng¹,

Lou

Yang³

et al. 2021

Cancer Communications

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Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the eighth most prevalent cancer in the world, arises from the interaction of multiple factors including tobacco, alcohol consumption, and betel quid. Chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin, 5‐fluorouracil, and paclitaxel have now become the first‐line options for OSCC patients. Nevertheless, most OSCC patients eventually acquire drug resistance, leading to poor prognosis. With the discovery and identification of non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs), the functions of dysregulated ncRNAs in OSCC development and drug resistance are gradually being widely recognized. The mechanisms of drug resistance of OSCC are intricate and involve drug efflux, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, DNA damage repair, and autophagy. At present, strategies to explore the reversal of drug resistance of OSCC need to be urgently developed. Nano‐delivery and self‐cellular drug delivery platforms are considered as effective strategies to overcome drug resistance due to their tumor targeting, controlled release, and consistent pharmacokinetic profiles. In particular, the combined application of new technologies (including CRISPR systems) opened up new horizons for the treatment of drug resistance of OSCC. Hence, this review explored emerging regulatory functions of ncRNAs in drug resistance of OSCC, elucidated multiple ncRNA‐meditated mechanisms of drug resistance of OSCC, and discussed the potential value of drug delivery platforms using nanoparticles and self‐cells as carriers in drug resistance of OSCC.

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“…In specific regions such as Meghalaya, where the Khasis reside, and in Assam, where the Assamese culture thrives, there is a time-honored tradition of offering a betel leaf combined with a betel nut to guests as a gesture of warm hospitality. [ 11 12 ] Notably, the Khasis hold the betel nut in high regard as a symbol of significant social egalitarianism. The Khasis consider betel nut as a tremendous social egalitarian.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing the Consumption of Tobacco amongst the Khasi Indigenous People in Northeast India

Deb,

Kumari,

Mohan

et al. 2024

Indian Journal of Community Medicine

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Background: Tobacco use in any form is a major public health concern. It accounts for nearly 1.35 million deaths every year. Many chronic illnesses occur due to the consumption of tobacco, either smoke or smokeless form. The study aims to explore how smoking and smokeless tobacco consumption are distributed across a range of demographic and socioeconomic markers among Khasi indigenous people in Northeast India. Materials and Methods: It is a case-control study conducted in adults over 31 years of age. The study was carried out between June 2020 and August 2021. An Independent t-test was performed to determine the significant difference in age between smoking/smokeless tobacco users and non-tobacco users. Univariate and Multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the significant predictors affecting the use of smoking/smokeless tobacco in the respondents. Results: A total of 505 respondents were included in the present study. There was a high statistically significant difference in the income level of tobacco and non-tobacco users (P value- 0.002). In Univariate analysis, it was found that the odds of consuming both forms of tobacco were significantly lower in the respondents aged between 51–60 (OR = 0.61, P value = 0.0453). The participants who studied till graduation and above had lower odds of both using forms of tobacco as compared to respondents who were illiterate/primary educated only (OR = 0.85, P value = 0.046). Conclusion: In conclusion, smoking and smokeless tobacco consumption are still widely prevalent in this region and strongly associated with age, gender, level of education, and place of residence. There is a need for further detailed analysis to identify risk factors that are strongly associated with the use of smoke and smokeless tobacco so that the community will be conscious about the hazardous effects of tobacco use in any form.

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Use of Betel Quid in India from 2009 to 2017: An Epidemiological Analysis of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS)

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Sociodemographic profile of tobacco use and its predictors in Kerala, India

Sociodemographic profile of tobacco use and its predictors in Kerala, India

The role of non‐coding RNAs in drug resistance of oral squamous cell carcinoma and therapeutic potential

Factors Influencing the Consumption of Tobacco amongst the Khasi Indigenous People in Northeast India

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