Urinary RBP and NGAL Levels are Associated with Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Background/Aims: The diagnosis of type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) patients is important to prevent the long-term damaging effects of kidney loss in patients with diabetes and is decisive for patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore urine retinol binding protein (RBP) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in T2DN patients with and without albuminuria. Methods: A total of 293 T2DN patients were divided into three groups according to their urine albumin/urine creatinine ratio (UACR): normoalbuminuria group (UACR<30 mg/g, n=100), microalbuminuria group (UACR 30–300 mg/g, n=100) and macroalbuminuria group (UACR>300 mg/g, n=93); 50 non-diabetic subjects were recruited as the control group. The levels of urine RBP, NGAL, TNF-α and IL-18 in T2DN patients and non-diabetic subjects were measured using ELISA assays. Results: We first analyzed the clinical characteristics of the control and T2DN groups and found that urine NGAL, RBP, TNF-α and IL-18 levels were significantly increased and significantly correlated with the degree of albuminuria. In addition, univariate linear regression analysis showed that urine RBP was associated with UACR, BMI, Scr, BUN, TG, disease duration, SBP, NGAL, TNF-α and IL-18 levels, and urine NGAL was positively correlated with UACR, Scr, BUN, RBP, TNF-α and IL-18 levels. Conclusion: The results indicate that urine levels of NGAL and RBP may be independently associated with albuminuria in T2DN and may serve as novel biomarkers for the identification of T2DN.

Urinary orosomucoid and retinol binding protein levels as early diagnostic markers for diabetic nephropathy

“…Studies have shown that urine RBP levels in patients with T2DM are closely related to DN [17,18]. Some studies have shown that urine RBP can be used to assess the degree of renal interstitial brosis due to various causes, progress with ESRD dialysis, and even diabetes related to increased risk of death [19,20]. In this study, we found that urine RBP and MAL levels in the T2DN group were signi cantly increased (P < 0.001).…”

Downregulation of NGAL is Required for the Inhibition of Proliferation and the Promotion of Apoptosis of Human Gastric Cancer MGC-803 Cells

“…It seemed that the intensity of its over-expression was linked to neoplasm [20]. Additionally, it has been found that urine NGAL is significantly increased and related to the degree of albuminuria in type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) [21]. Besides, contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI) presented with elevations in plasma biomarker of NGAL 24 h after iopromide injection [22].…”

Urinary and Blood MicroRNA-126 and -770 are Potential Noninvasive Biomarker Candidates for Diabetic Nephropathy: a Meta-Analysis

“…Among various clinical factors, the major predictor of the development and progression of DN and ESRD is albuminuria [7]. Recently, the list of biomarkers of diabetic nephropathy continues to grow, including not only non-classical protein markers, but also genetic and epigenetic markers [8-10]. Also, intensive research has sought to identify biomarkers of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression.…”