Urinary microbiome associated with chronic allograft dysfunction in kidney transplant recipients

Abstract

Background We performed a study to identify differences in the urinary microbiome associated with chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD) and compared the urinary microbiome of male and female transplant recipients with CAD. Methods This case‐control study enrolled 67 patients within the Deterioration of Kidney Allograft Function (DeKAF) Genomics cohort at two transplant centers. CAD was defined as a greater than 25% rise in serum creatinine relative to a 3 month post‐transplant baseline. Urine samples from patients with and without CAD were analyzed using 16S V4 bacterial ribosomal DNA sequences. Results Corynebacterium was more prevalent in female and male patients with CAD compared to non‐CAD female patients (P = 0.0005). A total 21 distinct Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTUs) were identified as significantly different when comparing CAD and non‐CAD patients using Kruskal‐Wallis (P < 0.01). A subset analysis of female patients with CAD compared to non‐CAD females identified similar differentially abundant OTUs, including the genera Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus (Kruskal‐Wallis; P = 0.01; P = 0.004, respectively). Male CAD vs female CAD analysis showed greater abundance of phylum Proteobacteria in males. Conclusion There were differences in the urinary microbiome when comparing female and male CAD patients with their female non‐CAD counterparts and these differences persisted in the subset analysis limited to female patients only.

Moderation effects of food intake on the relationship between urinary microbiota and urinary interleukin-8 in female type 2 diabetic patients

“…have rarely been reported in human urinary microbiota studies. A previous human urinary microbiome study demonstrated that Ruminococcus was positively associated with preterm birth (Ollberding et al, 2016), and it was detected in the urine of patients with chronic allograft dysfunction (Wu et al, 2018). These indicate that urinary Ruminococcus might be associated with the occurrence and development of some diseases.…”

Does the Microbiome Affect the Outcome of Renal Transplantation?

“…Microbial changes include: (Oral) increased abundance of Candida species ( Spolidorio et al., 2006 ), total viable microorganism counts ( Saraiva et al., 2006 ), and relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens ( Diaz et al., 2013 ), (Gut) increased relative abundance of Proteobacteria ( Lee et al., 2014 ), changes in microbial metabolism between (i) immunosuppressive regimens ( Zaza et al., 2017 ), as well as microbial community structure in (ii) rejection and non-rejection patients ( Lee et al., 2014 ) and (iii) diarrheal and non-diarrheal patients ( Lee et al., 2019 ). (Urinary Tract) Structurally different microbiomes are also seen in transplant recipients ( Fricke et al., 2014 ), as well as chronic allograft dysfunction ( Wu et al., 2018 ) and interstistal fibrosis and tubular atrophy patients ( Modena et al., 2017 ).…”

Urobiome: In Sickness and in Health

“…Still other studies addressed the problem at the clinical level. Wu et al [25] investigated the urobiomes in recipients with decreased allograft function, which was recognized as a 25% increase in creatinine level in relation to 3 months post-transplant baseline. Corynebacterium spp.…”

“…Corynebacterium spp. was more prevalent in individuals with chronic allograft dysfunction [25]. However, this study was not prospective and was focused on the creatinine level as an indicator of allograft dysfunction with no consideration of histopathological lesions in the allograft.…”