Urinary macrophage counts and ratio to T lymphocytes: Possible use in differential diagnosis and management of glomerular disease

Urinary Cellular Profile as a Biomarker for Lupus Nephritis

“…On the other hand, Dolff et al 23 showed an overall higher number of CD8 + cells in comparison to CD4 + cells in urine and biopsy of patients with active LN; although urinary CD4:CD8 ratio was not calculated in their study, CD4:CD8 ratio of infiltrating leukocytes in renal biopsies was 0.71. Measuring CD4:CD8 ratio has already been reported previously in other glomerular diseases, and the ratio differs significantly between LN and other nephropathies associated with an inflammatory infiltration reflecting the differences in the respective intrarenal infiltrates 37 . Therefore, CD4:CD8 ratio might help distinguish between LN and other inflammatory renal diseases such as diabetic nephropathy or renal vasculitis.…”

“…Measuring CD4:CD8 ratio has already been reported previously in other glomerular diseases, and the ratio differs significantly between LN and other nephropathies associated with an inflammatory infiltration reflecting the differences in the respective intrarenal infiltrates. 37 Therefore, CD4:CD8 ratio might help distinguish between LN and other inflammatory renal diseases such as diabetic nephropathy or renal vasculitis. This gives rise to the interesting question of the pathophysiological role of T lymphocytes in LN.…”

Urinary Cellular Profile as a Biomarker for Lupus Nephritis

“…On the other hand, Dolff et al 23 showed an overall higher number of CD8 + cells in comparison to CD4 + cells in urine and biopsy of patients with active LN; although urinary CD4:CD8 ratio was not calculated in their study, CD4:CD8 ratio of infiltrating leukocytes in renal biopsies was 0.71. Measuring CD4:CD8 ratio has already been reported previously in other glomerular diseases, and the ratio differs significantly between LN and other nephropathies associated with an inflammatory infiltration reflecting the differences in the respective intrarenal infiltrates 37 . Therefore, CD4:CD8 ratio might help distinguish between LN and other inflammatory renal diseases such as diabetic nephropathy or renal vasculitis.…”

“…Measuring CD4:CD8 ratio has already been reported previously in other glomerular diseases, and the ratio differs significantly between LN and other nephropathies associated with an inflammatory infiltration reflecting the differences in the respective intrarenal infiltrates. 37 Therefore, CD4:CD8 ratio might help distinguish between LN and other inflammatory renal diseases such as diabetic nephropathy or renal vasculitis. This gives rise to the interesting question of the pathophysiological role of T lymphocytes in LN.…”

The endogenous immune response modulates the course of IgA-immune complex mediated nephropathy

“…Abnormalities in T lymphocytes activity and production of cytokines have been reported in patients with IgAN. [28][29][30][31][32][33] Although the link between T cells and glomerular injury is not clearly defined, in experimental IgAN model, Montinaro et al 34 demonstrated that extrarenal interferon-g, a T-cell cytokine, aggravated the glomerular response to IgA immune deposits. It is well recognized that T cells and macrophages glomerular infiltration is associated with rapidly progressive GN.…”

Urinary Cellular Profile as a Biomarker for Lupus Nephritis

“…On the other hand, Dolff et al 23 showed an overall higher number of CD8 + cells in comparison to CD4 + cells in urine and biopsy of patients with active LN; although urinary CD4:CD8 ratio was not calculated in their study, CD4:CD8 ratio of infiltrating leukocytes in renal biopsies was 0.71. Measuring CD4:CD8 ratio has already been reported previously in other glomerular diseases, and the ratio differs significantly between LN and other nephropathies associated with an inflammatory infiltration reflecting the differences in the respective intrarenal infiltrates 37 . Therefore, CD4:CD8 ratio might help distinguish between LN and other inflammatory renal diseases such as diabetic nephropathy or renal vasculitis.…”

“…Measuring CD4:CD8 ratio has already been reported previously in other glomerular diseases, and the ratio differs significantly between LN and other nephropathies associated with an inflammatory infiltration reflecting the differences in the respective intrarenal infiltrates. 37 Therefore, CD4:CD8 ratio might help distinguish between LN and other inflammatory renal diseases such as diabetic nephropathy or renal vasculitis. This gives rise to the interesting question of the pathophysiological role of T lymphocytes in LN.…”

The endogenous immune response modulates the course of IgA-immune complex mediated nephropathy

“…Abnormalities in T lymphocytes activity and production of cytokines have been reported in patients with IgAN. [28][29][30][31][32][33] Although the link between T cells and glomerular injury is not clearly defined, in experimental IgAN model, Montinaro et al 34 demonstrated that extrarenal interferon-g, a T-cell cytokine, aggravated the glomerular response to IgA immune deposits. It is well recognized that T cells and macrophages glomerular infiltration is associated with rapidly progressive GN.…”

Urinary Cellular Profile as a Biomarker for Lupus Nephritis

“…On the other hand, Dolff et al 23 showed an overall higher number of CD8 + cells in comparison to CD4 + cells in urine and biopsy of patients with active LN; although urinary CD4:CD8 ratio was not calculated in their study, CD4:CD8 ratio of infiltrating leukocytes in renal biopsies was 0.71. Measuring CD4:CD8 ratio has already been reported previously in other glomerular diseases, and the ratio differs significantly between LN and other nephropathies associated with an inflammatory infiltration reflecting the differences in the respective intrarenal infiltrates 37 . Therefore, CD4:CD8 ratio might help distinguish between LN and other inflammatory renal diseases such as diabetic nephropathy or renal vasculitis.…”

“…Measuring CD4:CD8 ratio has already been reported previously in other glomerular diseases, and the ratio differs significantly between LN and other nephropathies associated with an inflammatory infiltration reflecting the differences in the respective intrarenal infiltrates. 37 Therefore, CD4:CD8 ratio might help distinguish between LN and other inflammatory renal diseases such as diabetic nephropathy or renal vasculitis. This gives rise to the interesting question of the pathophysiological role of T lymphocytes in LN.…”

The endogenous immune response modulates the course of IgA-immune complex mediated nephropathy

“…Abnormalities in T lymphocytes activity and production of cytokines have been reported in patients with IgAN. [28][29][30][31][32][33] Although the link between T cells and glomerular injury is not clearly defined, in experimental IgAN model, Montinaro et al 34 demonstrated that extrarenal interferon-g, a T-cell cytokine, aggravated the glomerular response to IgA immune deposits. It is well recognized that T cells and macrophages glomerular infiltration is associated with rapidly progressive GN.…”