Urinary bladder cancer and schistosomiasis in North-Western Nigeria

Mungadi, Ismaila Arzika; Malami, SA

doi:10.4314/wajm.v26i3.28315

Cited by 24 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…In Egypt, cancers of the urinary bladder accounts for 30.3% of all cancers, of which the majority are squamous cell carcinoma related to schistosomal infection. This is similar to other African countries, such as Sudan, Kenya, Uganda, Nigeria and Senegal [7-9]. Although there are many areas in Tanzania where S. hematobium is endemic, the prevalence of squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in North-Western Tanzania has not been previously documented.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…A study in Nigeria showed the SCC was the most common form of bladder cancer, with a median age at diagnosis of 46 years of age. The majority of the patients were farmers and fishermen living in regions along the river, whereby 50% of the cases were positive for schistosomes eggs [9]. In general, S. hematobium has been related, epidemiologically and clinically to bladder carcinoma, specifically SCC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Schistosomiasis and urinary bladder cancer in North Western Tanzania: a retrospective review of 185 patients

Rambau

Chalya

Jackson

2013

Infect Agents Cancer

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IntroductionWorldwide, cancers of the urinary bladder are well known to be associated with environmental chemical carcinogens such as smoking and occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These cancers are typically transitional cell carcinoma (urothelial carcinoma). In areas where schistosomiasis is endemic there is a high incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Schistosomiasis causes chronic granulomatous cystitis leading to squamous metaplasia of transitional epithelium, and subsequently development of squamous cell carcinoma. The western part of Tanzania on the shores of Lake Victoria is such an endemic area. This study was done to document the burden of urinary bladder cancer associated with schistosomiasis in this region.MethodsThis was a descriptive retrospective study of histologically confirmed cases of urinary bladder cancer seen at the Department of Pathology Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) over a period of 10 years. Data were retrieved from the records of the Departments of Pathology, Medical Records and Surgery. Data were analyzed by the use of contingency tables.ResultsA total of 185 patients were diagnosed with cancer of the urinary bladder during the study period, where as 90 (48.6%) were males and 95 (51.4) were females. The mean age at diagnosis was 54.3 years. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent histological type (55.1%), followed by conventional transitional cell carcinoma (40.5%). Eighty three of all cancer cases (44.9%) were found to have schistosomal eggs. Schistosomiasis was commonly associated with squamous cancers compared to non squamous cancers. Most of the cancers associated with schistosomiasis had invaded the muscularis propria of the urinary bladder at the time of diagnosis (p<0.001) and such cancers were frequent below 50 years of age with a significant statistical difference (p<0.001). Poorly differentiated tumors were more frequent in females than males with a significant statistical difference (p=0.006).ConclusionThe majority of urinary bladder cancers seen in the Lake Region were squamous cell carcinoma associated with schistosomiasis. These cancers showed an aggressive behavior and were commonly seen in the younger age groups. Effective control of schistosomiasis in this region should significantly reduce the burden of urinary bladder cancer.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosomiasis and urinary bladder cancer in North Western Tanzania: a retrospective review of 185 patients

Rambau

Chalya

Jackson

2013

Infect Agents Cancer

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“…2,10,11 This is due to the fact that bladder cancer is the commonest male malignancy in Sokoto, Nigeria as a consequence of high prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis. 13 Other causes also noted in our study were urethral strictures, prostate cancer, posterior urethral valve, ureteric ligation from total abdominal hysterectomy and pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction, as reported in the previous studies. 10,12,14,15 We also found a case of urethral stenosis in a female child similar to that reported from Port Harcourt.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Management of obstructive nephropathy in a tertiary hospital in North West Nigeria: A five-year review

Muhammad¹,

Abdulwahab-Ahmed²,

Agwu³

et al. 2018

East. Cent. Afr. J. Surg.

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Background: Obstructive nephropathy is managed initially with urinary diversion and possibly haemodialysis before definitive therapy. This study was aimed at determining the pattern of presentation, aetiology and management options of obstructive nephropathy in our practice. Methods: This was a five-year retrospective study of the patients managed for obstructive nephropathy at our facility from January 2011-December 2015. Data were collected via a pro forma and analysed using SPSS version 20.0.Results: There were 106 patients managed for obstructive nephropathy with a mean age of 48.3 ± 17. 4 years and age range of 4 months to 85 years. The male: female ratio was 10:1. The most common causes of obstructive nephropathy were bladder cancer (49.1%), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH, 22.6%), bilateral ureteric stone (5.7%) (22.6%), nephrostomy (2.8%) and dialysis (10.4%) were the initial treatments. Chemoradiation was done for the patients with bladder cancer and 17.9% of the patients had operative interventions, which included ureteroneocystostomy, open prostatectomy or transurethral resection of the prostate, and ureteroscopy + lithotripsy. Fifty-two patients (49.1%) died while awaiting dialysis and four patients (3.8%) developed end-stage renal disease. and bilateral schistosomal lower ureteric obstruction (4.7%). Urethral or suprapubic catheterisation Conclusions: Bladder carcinomas, BPH, ureteric obstruction are the commonest causes of obstructive nephropathy in our practice. The initial treatment includes urinary diversion and or dialysis before definitive treatment.

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“…T. gondii infection inhibits the tumor growth in certain types of cancers in mouse models through induction of Th1 immure responses and antiangiogenic activities [5]. However, there are also some evidences indicating that parasitic infections enhance cancer growth or predispose patients to malignancies [9][10][11][12][13].…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara canis Antigens on WEHI-164 Fibrosarcoma Growth in a Mouse Model

et al. 2009

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Abstract:Cancer is the main cause of death in developed countries. However, in underdeveloped countries infections and parasitic diseases are the main causes of death. There are raising scientific evidences indicating that parasitic infections induce antitumor activity against certain types of cancers. In this study, the effects of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara canis egg antigens in comparison with Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) (known to have anticancer distinctive) on WEHI-164 fibosarcoma transplanted to BALB/c mice was investigated. Groups of 6 male BALB/c mice injected with T. gondii antigen, BCG, or T. canis egg antigen as case groups and alum alone as control groups. All mice were then challenged with WEHI-164 fibrosarcoma cells. The mice were examined for growth of the solid tumor and the tumor sizes were measured every other day up to 4 wk. The mean tumor area in T. gondii, BCG, or alum alone injected mice in 4 different days of measurements was 25 mm T. gondii parasites and T. canis egg antigens induced inhibition of the tumor growth in the fibrosarcoma mouse model. We need further study to clarify the mechanisms of anti-cancer effects.

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Urinary bladder cancer and schistosomiasis in North-Western Nigeria

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Schistosomiasis and urinary bladder cancer in North Western Tanzania: a retrospective review of 185 patients

Schistosomiasis and urinary bladder cancer in North Western Tanzania: a retrospective review of 185 patients

Management of obstructive nephropathy in a tertiary hospital in North West Nigeria: A five-year review

Effects of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara canis Antigens on WEHI-164 Fibrosarcoma Growth in a Mouse Model

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