Urinary 3-Methoxy-4-Hydroxyphenylglycol Circadian Rhythm

Diurnal variation of urinary MHPG in unipolar and bipolar depressives

“…The main results of our study are these: 1) Bipolar depressives excrete significantly less MHPG in 24 h than both healthy subjects and unipolar depressives. This is in accordance with several studies on this subject (for review see Goodwin & Potter (1979), Beckmann & Goodwin )' Gaertner et al (1980), Wehr et al (1980) and adds to the evidence that unipolar and bipolar depressives differ not only in psychopathology but at the biochemical level as well. Fig.…”

Temperature Circadian Rhythms during the Menstrual Cycle and Sleep Deprivation in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and Normal Comparison Subjects

“…The temperature minimum increased (consistent with the decrease in amplitude) in the luteal phase compared to the follicular menstrual cycle phase. Most likely, this increase is a function of progesterone in the luteal phase and is consistent with reports of higher temperatures (mostly nocturnal but some daily) in depression and LLPDD (Avery et al, 1982(Avery et al, ,1986Pflug et al, 1976Pflug et al, ,1981Severino et al, 1991;Wehr et al, 1980). The increased mesor of the temperature rhythm in the luteal phase compared to that in the follicular phase is consistent with the report by Lee (1988) and with changes both in amplitude and minimum levels, reflecting a change in the overall waveform.…”

Activation in Bipolar Disorders

“…Counterintuitively, we found no compelling evidence that mean activity levels are increased in individuals in a manic state compared with healthy controls, although intraindividual data suggested that mean activity levels are increased during mania compared with depression . Some evidence suggested that the activity acrophase differs between patients with BD and other groups, but possible confounds (eg, age, sample source) render conclusions tentative …”